Tuesday, January 13th Do-Now Agenda Homework Come up to the board and share the details of your Venn-Diagrams. Agenda Do-Now Go over outlines, Republican presidents Discussion Begin Homework Homework Part IV of your outlines is due tomorrow. Corresponds to Chapter 21, Section 3.

Return to Normalcy The Republican Decade The presidential administrations of Warren G. Harding & Calvin Coolidge

Warren G. Harding

Warren G. Harding "America's present need is not heroics, but healing; not nostrums, but normalcy; not revolution, but restoration; not agitation, but adjustment; not surgery, but serenity; not the dramatic, but the dispassionate; not experiment, but equipoise; not submergence in internationality, but sustainment in triumphant nationality...."

What are your impressions of Harding’s speech style? A Democratic leader called Harding's speeches : "an army of pompous phrases moving across the landscape in search of an idea."

Harding Presidency Economy Promoted expansion of trade around the world. Protected Business at home Fordney-McCumber Tariff (1922) – discouraged imports which competed with American industry, enraged European nations who needed exports to pay off war debts Dawes Plan (1924) – developed to help Germany pay for war reparations, est. German national bank, approved a loan to Germany

Harding Presidency Immigration Immigration increased after WWI & Americans became more Nativist because: Patriotism Religion Urban Conditions Jobs Red Scare

Harding Presidency Immigration (continued) 1921, Congress pushes Harding to restrict immigration, believed best for social stability Quota – a numerical limit imposed on immigrants representing certain ethnic groups or nations Natural Origins Act (1924) Reduced the quota from 3% to 2% Included prohibited entry by “aliens ineligible to citizenship”

Harding Presidency Teapot Dome Scandal Most influential scandal before watergate, it added to a series of charges of corruption in Harding’s administration Albert B. Fall (secretary of the interior) controlled oil-drilling rights to government land in Elk Hills, CA and Teapot Dome, WY Secretly leased these rights to private companies, receiving $300,000 in gifts/payment

Why did the American people turn to the Republican Party in 1920? Did you think Harding gave them good reason to vote Repubican again in 1924? Why?

Coolidge Presidency V.P., he took office after Harding’s death Easily won a 2nd term in office in 1924 “The chief business of the American people is business.”

Coolidge Presidency Laissez-Faire Government style believed it best to keep the government “hands-off” in business Lowered income and inheritance tax rates, raised tariffs This policy helped fuel the 1920’s economic boom Urged by secretary of commerce H. Hoover to regulate the buying of stocks on easy credit The government had no duty to protect citizens “against the hazards of the elements”

Coolidge Presidency Kellogg-Briand Pact 15 nations pledge not to use the threat of war against one another “Outlawed war” More than 60 nations eventually join No provision for enforcement

In what ways did Coolidge carry out Harding’s policies? In what ways are Harding and Coolidge similar?

Predict: How could the leadership style upheld by these two Republican Presidents have lead the country toward an economic collapse? Write down your response.

Relate: How might our present day president and federal government’s leadership style have incurred similar results and problems? What leadership style are Americans seeking in their President today? How did our recent economic collapse affected the recent presidential election? Write down your response.