Canada & WW 1, 1914 - 1918 War on the Home Front.

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Presentation transcript:

Canada & WW 1, 1914 - 1918 War on the Home Front

Support for the War Effort People on the home front were encouraged to make sacrifices to ensure victory in Europe Victory Gardens ate less meat, sugar, butter, bread so soldiers would have enough Prairie students dismissed early to bring in harvests

Terror on the Home Front Halifax Explosion Dec. 6, 1917 2000 people killed, thousands more injured and homeless Mont Blanc (French munitions ship) collided with the Belgian ship Imo Blast felt 320 km away One of the worst disasters in Canadian history

Enemy Aliens 1914 – 500,000 German, Austrian & Hungarian people living in Canada Government used War Measures Act to hold over 8597 enemy aliens in labour camps Majority were Ukrainians Berlin changed to Kitchener

The Changing Role of Gov’t Hoarding by some business people led to profiteering Government encouraged honour rationing (e.g. Meatless Mondays) Victory Bonds needed to pay for cost of war ($1 million per day)

New Roles for Women Men at war  women worked in factories & on farms Suffragists – voting rights for women Wartime Elections Act – women who had male family in war could vote in 1917 election Dominion Elections Act 1920 – all women could vote

Conscription Conscription Crisis 1917 – men dying more than enlisting so shortage of soldiers  English support / French DO NOT support conscripting men Military Service Bill – men 20-45 yrs old had to join armed forces, but not pacifists PM Borden won election of 1917  riots in Quebec

End of World War 1 November 11, 1918 Germany surrendered after no supplies left to fight Canada  60,661 dead / 173,000 wounded out of 8 million Peace Treaty of Versailles – unfairly blames Germany for the war  must pay for damages  League of Nations useless Canada more independent of Britain