Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science in the United States The Core of Matter The Fuel of Stars

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science The Big Questions What is the structure of the nucleon? What is the structure of nucleonic matter? What are the properties of hot nuclear matter? What is the nuclear microphysics of the universe? What is the new standard model?

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science Structure of the nucleon?What is the protons and neutrons built from quarks Mesons built from quarks and antiquarks QCD Medium Energy Physics Why are quarks confined? Are their strange quarks in the proton? What are the properties of the quarks inside the nucleon?

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science What is the Build up atomic nuclei from protons and neutrons structure of nucleonicmatter? When are quarks important and when are protons and neutrons important? Can we understand the properties of nuclei from first principle calculations? What species exists and are stable?

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science Hot Nuclear MatterWhat are the properties of Quark-Gluon Plasma – a new form of matter Relativistic Heavy Ions

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science What is the How are the elements created? Supernovae calculations nuclear microphysicsof the universe? Traditional Nuclear Physics Search for new elements Properties of elements far from stability. supernova calculations. The core of neutron stars?

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science the new standard model?What is Neutrinos have mass. u c t d s b (quarks) e   (leptons) e     SNO Experiment muon g-2 Precision Experiments to look for deviations from the standard model

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science Carnegie Mellon Faculty Gregg Franklin Curtis Meyer Reinhard Schumacher Brian Quinn EXPERIMENTTHEORY Len Kisslinger Colin Morningstar Medium Energy Physics

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science Sources of Funding Department of Energy -- Office of Science - Nuclear and High Energy Physics - Nuclear Physics ~ $360,000, per year National Science Foundations - Mathematical and Physical Sciences - Physics - Nuclear Physics ~ $ 40,000, per year

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science The Facilities Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at BNL RHIC Jefferson Lab Smaller University Based Labs MIT – Bates Lab Michigan State – Cyclotron Duke – Tandem Berkeley - Cyclotron Electron accelerator

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science Big Decisions NSAC Nuclear Science Advisory Committee Reports to both DOE and NSF This letter requests that the DOE/NSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) conduct a new study of the opportunities and priorities for U.S. nuclear physics research and recommend a long range plan that will provide a framework for coordinated advancement of the nation’s nuclear research programs over the next decade. The Charge: The 2001 Committee Meeting The Report

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science Town Meetings The planning process is organized around a series of “town meetings” October 2000 Berkeley Meeting on Traditional Nuclear Physics October 2000 Oakland Meeting on Fundamental Symmetries December 2000 Jefferson Lab Meeting on Hadronic and Electromagnetic Physics January 2001 Brookhaven Meeting on Heavy Ion Physics Each meeting produced a “white paper” with specific recommendations.

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science The LRP Meeting April 2001, the NSAC LRP Committee meets and discusses all of the reports from the Town Meetings Developed a set of 4 recommendations, and a list of opportunities. 1.Maintain world leadership in areas of strength. 2.Build the Rare Isotope Accelerator 3.Support the NSF to build an underground lab. 4.Upgrade Jefferson Lab as quickly as possible.

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science The GlueX Poster How does the community decide what is important and what is not? How do decisions get made about expensive facilities and experiments?

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science Making the Case How do big projects get supported and funded? The Search for QCD Exotics Particles predicted by the theory of quantum chromodynamics help explain why the fundamental building blocks of matter are impossible to isolate.

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science Flux Tubes Color Field: Because of self interaction, confining flux tubes form between static color charges Notion of flux tubes comes about from model-independent general considerations. Idea originated with Nambu in the ‘70s and Confinement Flux Tubes

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science ground-state flux-tube excited flux-tube Gluonic Excitations provide an experimental measurement of the excited QCD potential. Observations of exotic quantum number nonets are the best experimental signal of gluonic excitations. QCD Potential

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science The Idea Why Photoproduction A pion or kaon beam, when scattering occurs, can have its flux tube excited  or  beam Quark spins anti-aligned Much data in hand with some evidence for gluonic excitations (tiny part of cross section) q q before q q after q q q q before  beam Almost no data in hand in the mass region where we expect to find exotic hybrids when flux tube is excited Quark spins aligned _ _ _ _

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science The Upgrade In order to be able to carry out the experiment, it Is necessary to double the energy of the Jefferson Lab Accelerator from 6GeV to 12 GeV. With this higher energy, there are new physics Opportunities in the existing experimental halls. The other physics cases complement the flagship Physics to be carried out in GlueX. The total project cost is estimated at $250,000,000. Accelerator Upgrade ~ 50% GlueX ~ 20% Other Physics ~ 30%

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science The Whole PictureCHL-2 Upgrade magnets and power supplies

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science Developing the Physics July Workshop at Indiana University Explore Community Interest November 1997 – Workshop at NCSU Explore the Physics Interest and Feasibility March Workshop at Carnegie Mellon Explore Potential Detector Designs May WorkFest at Indiana University Begin Simulation of Physics and Detectors June Presentation to the JLab User’s Group Public Presentation to the JLab Community September 1998 – Workshop at Florida State Univ. Continues Exploration of the Physics and Detectors Hall D Preliminary Design Report 170 pages

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science Making the Science Case January Presentation to the JLab PAC Initial Review of the Science by an external Committee March Workshop at RPI COLLABORATION FORMED Officially organize as an experiment – The HallD Experiment August Collaboration Meeting at Jefferson Lab Hall D Design Report, Version Pages December Collaboration Meeting at Jefferson Lab Prepare for the external review December EXTERNAL REVIEW OF THE PROJECT The first significant review of the project, an external committee reviews things for 2 days.

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science Preparing for NSAC January Report of the Cassell Committee VERY POSITIVE March Meeting with DOE and NSF in DC April Collaboration Meeting at Indiana University Solidify the Science Case. Educate the Community August Collaboration Meeting at Jefferson Lab September 2000 – American Scientist Article October The APS DNP Meeting The Duck Workshop on Key Questions in Hadronic Physics Hall D Design Report: Version 3 December The NSAC Town Meeting at JLab January New Administration Sworn in – Pres. Bush March Collaboration Meeting at Jefferson Lab April The NSAC Long Range Plan Meeting During the 2000 year, there were a large number of seminars and colloquia given on the physics of Hall D.

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science The JLab Upgrade and HallD were one of four recommendations that came out of the NSAC Meeting. June Collaboration Meeting at Jefferson Lab The collaboration begins the push for Critical Decision 0 October Collaboration Meeting at Indiana Univ. March Collaboration Meeting at Jefferson Lab New Name: The GlueX Collaboration President Bush appoints Raymond Orbach to head the DOE office of Science. April 2002 The Long Range Plan is Published June Meeting with Raymond Orbach in D.C. July JLab Science and Technology Review Review Carried out by DOE Nuclear Physics August JLab Institutional Review Review Carried out by Raymond Orbach Expecting a CD0 to be granted in Fall of 2002 After NSAC

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science After CD0 CD0 is the first of 5 Critical Decisions, CD4 is the start of physics. CD0 opens the door for money directly from Washington to be spent on the project. This project is mature enough that we expect that the next step, CD1 will be about 1 year after CD0 is granted.

Curtis A. Meyer Nuclear Science Science If things stay on track, we expect that we will start taking data in years from the first meetings. Building Jefferson Lab was the top recommendation of The 1976 LRP, the lab started physics in RHIC was the top priority of the 1982 plan. Physics Started in Decisions for big projects are well thought out and have strong community support.