Do Now: What happens to water when salt and fresh water mix?

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Presentation transcript:

Do Now: What happens to water when salt and fresh water mix?

Aim: What type of biomes form when fresh and salt water mix?

Estuary Where the “arm” of a sea extends inland to meet the mouth of a river Sea water moves inward mixing with fresh river water resulting in brackish water High in nutrients and sediments Shallow water, high sunlight Rich in both plant and animal life Commercially important marine life use estuaries as a nursery for their eggs Types: Salt water marsh, Mangrove forest, Inlets, & Bays

Estuary

Salt Marsh Transition zone from ocean to land, where salt water and freshwater mix. Water level fluctuates do to tides. Plants are salt and tide tolerant. One of the most productive ecosystems.

Pic: Salt Marsh & Food Web

Mangrove Forest Trees that grow in saline water in the tropics. Characterized by deposition of fine sediment that protects the area from high energy wave action. Can tolerate brackish water-pure salt water.

Pic: Mangrove Forest Mangrove forest

Wetlands Among the most diverse ecosystems Area saturated with water permanently or seasonally Found along the shores of fresh bodies of water Types: Marshes Swamps Bogs Prairies potholes (seasonal) Flood plains (occur when excess water flows out of the banks of river into a flat valley)

BOG PRARIE POTHOLE SWAMP FLOOD PLAIN

Saltwater Ecosystem: Barrier islands Important source of biodiversity Land form off coastal shores created by the build up of deposited sediments Boundaries are constantly shifting as water moves around them Important buffer for the shoreline behind them when offshore storms hit

How did the barrier island protect NJ during Hurricane Sandy?

Pic: Island Barrier

Tropical Waters Barrier Island: Coral Reef Formed by cnidarians that secrete a hard, calciferous (calcium carbonate) shell skeleton providing homes for a diversity of marine life species Not formed by depositing of sediment Vulnerable to physical stresses, change of light intensity, and water temperature

FW & SW Upwelling Seasonal movement water from the cold, nutrient rich bottom to the surface Provides nutrients to organisms living in the photic zone causing exponential growth

Red Tide Formation After upwellings, fisheries boom Organisms like single-celled algae grow exponentially Algal blooms can lead to red tide Deadly toxins released into water from dinoflagellate wastes Result massive fish and marine life die off

Sumary Choose 1 of the following: Explain how the atmosphere effects the hydrosphere. Compare & contrast sea water salinity to fresh water salinity. Create a story about the life of a river starring you as a drop of rain. Explain vertical stratification in fresh water biomes.