1. On the paper, write your name. Write the name you want me to call you and then write your last name. Top Right. 2. On your paper, follow the directions: Write a definition of what you think power is, draw a picture of power and write a sentence using a current event. 3. Draw a line and save this paper for more activities. 1st Activity, Sheet of paper

On the same paper, … 4. Write the date. 5. On the left hand side of the paper. Answer the essential question, “Who is in charge of the US government?” “Who has the power?” 6. Draw a line. 2nd Activity, the essential question

3rd activity – Mars colonization This class has been selected to colonize Mars. The US government has declared a policy of “salutary neglect” for the new colony, meaning that the US government will not support or get involved in the new colony. In small groups, create and write a list of 5 laws that you think will be essential for the colony to survive.

3rd activity – Mars colonization We will create a class set of 5 rules for the colony. Written on the Board.

▪How will these rules be enforced? ▪What has the class created? ▪How will this affect you, personally? 3rd activity – Mars colonization

Categories for types of government There are 4 major categories for major types of government. 1. “autocracy” means control by one person. One person is in charge. 2. “oligarchy” means control by a group, just a few persons. Several are in charge. 3. “democracy” means control by many persons. Many are in charge. 4. “anarchy” means there is an Absence of government.

Autocracy 1. One person has the power rule by one. (a king/queen, a dictator) 2. The ruler determines how much power the citizens have examples: monarchy (inherited) dictatorship (rule by force with military) a.k.a-totalitarianism

Oligarchy 1. Several persons have the power 2. Rule by a group of persons or political party 3. The rulers determine how much power the citizens have examples: Military junta (rule by the military) A. Aristocracy (rule by the social elite) B. Theocracy (rule by the religious elite)

Democracy 1.Citizens have the power. 2. Rule by the citizens. 3. The citizens determine how much power the government has. Examples:A. representative democracy or republic (rule by freely nominated and elected representatives) B. Pure democracy (rule by all citizens)

Anarchy 1. Absence of government 2. Often results in violence and chaos 3. Citizens are not safe 4. Whoever is strongest has the power

*Legislative branch – elected in popular elections for a 4 year term *Executive branch – elected in popular elections for a 6 year term *Judicial branch – judges are appointed by the Executive and approved by the Legislative branch, habeas corpus and freedom of speech Type of government— Example #1 Democracy

Example #2 *Legislative branch - ½ are appointed by the leader and the other ½ are chosen by electors chosen by the leader *Executive branch – a “President” is chosen by the few leaders who are in the highest social class *Judicial branch – appointed by the President with approval from the few leaders Type of government— Oligarchy United Arab Emirates

Example #3 *Legislative branch - elected in popular elections, the leader (executive) can dissolve them at any time *Executive branch – the leader inherits the power *Judicial branch – the leader appoints the judges and can override their decisions Type of government— Autocracy Jordan

*President is elected with 90% voter participation, but has no power. *Legislative branch – the party controls who runs for the legislature *Executive branch – the Premier has the power and is chosen through the party *Judicial branch – the judges are appointed from party lists, no habeas corpus Type of government – Example #4 Cuba Oligarchy

Example #5 *Legislative branch – a bicameral Parliament that is elected by popular vote for a 3 year term *Executive branch – a Prime Minister who is the leader of the majority party elected to the Parliament *Judicial branch – a High Court appointed by the Executive, habeas corpus and freedom of speech Type of government – Canada Democracy

Example #6 *Legislative branch – elections were held, but those elected are in exile *Executive branch – the President is a Lt. General *Judicial branch – courts and judges exist, but there is no guarantee of habeas corpus or a fair trial, no freedom of speech Type of government — Myanmar Autocracy

Example #7 *Legislative branch – there is an elected legislature, voters must be church members in good standing *Executive branch – the leaders must be church members and are elected *Judicial branch – the judges must be church members, they are appointed. There is habeas corpus and some freedom of speech. Type of government – Massachusetts Bay Colony Theocracy/Oligarchy

 Rank in order: which would make you the most angry? (#1) least angry? (#5) 1. Your property can be searched at any time. 2. You are required to house soldiers in your home. 3. You are required to pay new taxes. 4. You are required to trade in a way. that keeps you in debt. (credit card) 5. You want to move to own new land, but you are prohibited.

 I. Great Britain = monarchy (King George III, reigned ) + Parliament + Prime Minister Causes of the American Revolution *From 1607 until 1763, the British government ignored the colonists. *The British government practiced salutary neglect. What type of government is this? Salutary Neglect – Representative monarchy England's policy of not interfering with its American colonies.

Causes of the American Revolution II. Colonies = Each colony had their own limited, self-government. *Governor + Council (usually appointed) *Colonial Assemblies (usually elected by landowning, white men of property) In the New England area, each village had its own democratic town meeting.

Causes of the American Revolution III. British problems! A. Huge war debt (from the French and Indian War ) B. What to do with the new territories won in the French and Indian War?

IV. British policies to solve problems/get money!!!, Causes of the American Revolution A. enforced mercantilism: Taking raw materials from the colonies and selling finished products to the colonies. (Meant the colonies were always in debt to Britain) B. the British enforced collection of the taxes – Sugar Tax, Stamp Tax, Tea Tax

IV. British policies to solve problems/get money!!! Causes of the American Revolution C. The Quartering Act allowed British soldiers to live in colonists’ homes. D. The writs of assistance allowed the British to search colonists’ homes.

V. Why were the colonists mad? Causes of the American Revolution A. The colonists had no representation in Parliament. They felt they had taxation without representation. B. The British ignored Locke’s Enlightenment theories of Natural Rights (life, liberty, property) and a government that must preserve these Rights or lose consent of the governed and risk a revolt of the people. C. The British ignored the idea of a social contract - An agreement among people in a society with a government. Give up freedoms but gain protection.

VI. Colonists’ Response Causes of the American Revolution A. boycott- to refuse to buy. example: tea and stamps B. Public protests. C. Propaganda - “Give me liberty or give me death”

{ Theories that contribute to: The Declaration of Independence The US Constitution The Bill of Rights

 1. Magna Carta, 1215  Jury by trial by peers, no taxation w/o representation, due process  2. classical theories, the Enlightenment, s  Locke (1632 – 1704)  Natural Rights - life, liberty, property  Social contract – people give up freedom for security/protection  consent of the governed – the people give permission to the government  Montesquieu (1689 – 1755)  3 branches with checks and balances  English Bill of Rights (1689)  Similar to the US Bill of Rights (jury trial, due process, no cruel punishment, right to petition and to bear arms, no taxation w/o representation) Theories:

 To the (match the document to the theory…)  1. Declaration of Independence  2. US Constitution  3. US Bill of Rights  Theories, theorists, documents:  a. Magna Carta  b. English Bill of Rights  c. Natural Rights  d. consent of the governed  e. social contract  f. Locke  g. Montesquieu Explain how each contributed … c, d, f a, d, e, g a, b

Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776

Articles of Confederation  The Articles of Confederation was the first constitution of the United States.  Proposed by the Second Continental Congress in 1777, went into effect in 1781 after all 13 states had ratified, or approved it.

* Could not regulate trade Characteristics of the Articles *A weak central government * 9 of 13 votes needed to pass a law * No power to enforce laws * 13 of 13 to amend * No military * No power to tax * Unicameral, one branch, weak, central government Articles of Confederation * States had the power

The Road to the Constitution of 1787, the Constitutional Convention Shays’ Rebellion * A Massachusetts farmer, Daniel Shays, led farmers who were unable to pay their mortgages on a march to an arsenal to get weapons to prevent courts from holding session and taking their farms away. * The Massachusetts militia was eventually able to put down the rebellion.

* The central government under the Articles of Confederation, was powerless * Many leaders decided to call a convention to rewrite the Articles of Confederation to give the central government power. The Road to the Constitution of 1787, the Constitutional Convention

Constitutional Convention (1787)  Congressional leaders issued a call for a Constitutional Convention to strengthen the government.  The Convention met in the Pennsylvania State House-now Independence Hall.  Delegates agreed to keep the proceedings secret. They believed that it would be easier to debate and resolve their differences behind closed doors. Despite the sweltering heat, even the windows were kept tightly closed. Below: Independence Hall

 Great Compromise  Three-Fifths Compromise  Compromise over Commerce. Compromises at the Convention

The Great Compromise At the convention, competing plans were suggested and a compromise was needed. The Virginia Plan, the “big states” ● A bicameral legislature, based on population. The New Jersey Plan, the “small states” ● A unicameral legislature, based on equality. The Great Compromise / Connecticut Plan ● A bicameral legislature, the upper house based on equality and the lower house based on population Compromises at the Convention

Three-Fifths Compromise ● A slave counts as 3/5s a person for tax and for representation purposes. (For the House of Representatives) The Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise ● The slave trade will continue until 1808 ● Congress can regulate interstate and foreign trade. ● President elected indirectly by electors from each state. Electoral College

Federalists  One group, who called themselves Federalists, favored ratification of the Constitution.  Federalists were typically wealthy merchants, planters, and lawyers.  They supported a strong central government that would be able to ensure a strong currency and protect property rights. Political Viewpoints

Antifederalists  This group opposed the ratification of the Constitution and feared a strong central government.  Had 3 objections to the Constitution:  Constitutional Convention had been conspired under a “veil of mystery” and delegate had gone way beyond creating a new form of government.  Believed that a strong central government would destroy states’ rights. Wanted states to have the power.  Believed that the new system of government resembled a monarchy because of the concentration of power. Political Viewpoints