Finding Order in Diversity Chapter 18 Section 1

Brain Warm Up What is the scientific name for the human species? What do you think are the common names for Felis catus and Canis familiaris? What is a better way to name, common or scientific? Why is it important for all organisms to be named?

Is Scientific Naming Important? I am looking for someone. Stand up if you are a: Female Brown Hair Brown Eyes Left-handed If I were describing someone, would this description be confusing? What would have been a better way to identify someone?

Name this animal. Depending on where you live, this animal could be known as: A Mountain Lion A Puma A Cougar A Panther Felis concolor

Why Classify? *To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system to name organisms and group them in a logical manner. *Taxonomy – Scientists classify organisms and assign each organism a universally accepted name.

Why Classify? *By using a scientific name, biologists can be certain that everyone is discussing the same organism. Organisms are organized into groups that have biological significance. When you hear the word “bird”, what do you picture?

Bird

Why Classify? Everyone use classification systems: Examples?? Teacher Students Mechanic

Early Efforts at Naming Organisms *The first attempts at standard scientific names often described the physical characteristics of a species in great detail. The name could be 20 words long!!! Oak with deeply divided leaves that have no hairs on their undersides and no teeth around their edges.

Binomial Nomenclature *Carolus Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist who lived during the 18th century. *He developed the two-word naming system called binomial nomenclature. *Each species is assigned a two-part scientific name *Always italicized, first word is CAPITALIZED, and the second word is lowercase.

Binomial Nomenclature Grizzly bear – Ursus arctos The first name is the genus. A genus is a group of closely related species. The second name is unique to each species within the genus.

Binomial Nomenclature Grizzly Bear – Ursus arctos Polar Bear – Ursus maritimus Giant Panda Bear – Ailuropoda melanoleuca

Linnaeus’s System of Classification *Linnaeus’s system includes seven levels: *From largest to smallest: *Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species A way to remember: *King Phillip Came Over for Great Soup *Each of the levels is called a taxon (plural is taxa)

Linnaeus’s System of Classification Genera that share many characteristics are grouped in a larger category, family. An order is a broad taxonomic category composed of similar families. A class is composed of similar orders. A phylum includes many different organisms that share important characteristics.

Linnaeus’s System of Classification All animals are placed in the kingdom Animalia. The kingdom is the largest and most inclusive of Linnaeus’s taxonomic categories. *Linnaeus named two kingdoms: Animalia and Plantae.

Figure 18-5, page 450