Russell Provost Urban and Regional Planning Principal Investigator: Ruth Steiner

The Issues Climate Change Climate Change California implemented AB32 & SB375 California implemented AB32 & SB375 Requires regional transportation plans to provide for a 10% decrease in growth of VMT. Requires regional transportation plans to provide for a 10% decrease in growth of VMT. Financial Burdens Financial Burdens American Society of Civil Engineers says fixing the nation's transportation systems will cost some $2.2 trillion over the next five years American Society of Civil Engineers says fixing the nation's transportation systems will cost some $2.2 trillion over the next five years

The Issues Sprawled Development Sprawled Development Increased transportation costs Increased transportation costs “Households in highly sprawled areas devote about 20% more of their expenditures to transportation than do households in least sprawling areas.” – STPP “Households in highly sprawled areas devote about 20% more of their expenditures to transportation than do households in least sprawling areas.” – STPP Transportation Concurrency Transportation Concurrency Florida Growth Management Act 1985 Florida Growth Management Act 1985 “…to establish an ongoing mechanism which ensures that public facilities and services needed to support development are available concurrent with the impacts of such development.” – 9J “…to establish an ongoing mechanism which ensures that public facilities and services needed to support development are available concurrent with the impacts of such development.” – 9J

The Issues Current methodologies to analyze the potential impact of proposed development on the transportation network Current methodologies to analyze the potential impact of proposed development on the transportation network ITE Trip Generation ITE Trip Generation Internal capture and pass-by-reductions Internal capture and pass-by-reductions Level-of-service-standards Level-of-service-standards Etc. Etc. Research indicates methodologies need to be modified to be more sensitive to the context in which travel is taking place Research indicates methodologies need to be modified to be more sensitive to the context in which travel is taking place

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Produce a Vehicle Miles Travel (VMT) based draft methodology that will; Produce a Vehicle Miles Travel (VMT) based draft methodology that will; Closely reflect the impacts of specific types of land uses and their location within the region Closely reflect the impacts of specific types of land uses and their location within the region Provide incentives for compact development that reduces the overall impact of development on the transportation network Provide incentives for compact development that reduces the overall impact of development on the transportation network Reflect Florida-specific travel behavior Reflect Florida-specific travel behavior

Land Use and Transportation Intersection of land use planning and transportation planning Intersection of land use planning and transportation planning Four guiding principles: Four guiding principles: 1. Complementary mix of land uses 2. Appropriate density and intensity of development 3. High level of network connectivity 4. Good urban design connecting complementary land uses

Land Use and Transportation Examining the role of the “D’s” Examining the role of the “D’s” Density Density Diversity Diversity Design Design Destinations Destinations  Literature findings  Neighborhood design: TND vs. conventional design.  Proximity and balance of land use impacts trip generation rates.  Jobs-housing balance in urban form and travel behavior

Methodology Travel Survey Roadway network Trip Distance GIS Analysis Parcel data GIS Analysis Land-use Descriptors Statistical Analysis Formula to calculate trip distance for different types of land use and trip purposes

Density Residential Residential Number of residential units per acre Number of residential units per acre Commercial Commercial Floor area ratios for particular land use categories Floor area ratios for particular land use categories

Operationalizing Diversity Operationalizing Diversity Entropy Entropy Land-use balance Land-use balance Proportion of area covered by each designated land- use types Proportion of area covered by each designated land- use types Dissimilarity Dissimilarity Land-use mixing Land-use mixing Extent to which different types of land-uses come in contact with one another Extent to which different types of land-uses come in contact with one another Complementarity Complementarity Extent to which the land-uses in contact with one another are complementary Extent to which the land-uses in contact with one another are complementary Entropy = 0.22 Low level of land-use balance Entropy = 0.82 High level of land-use balance Diversity

Design & Destinations Measuring the other “Ds” Measuring the other “Ds” Measures of Design Measures of Design Miles of roadway per square mile Miles of roadway per square mile Number of intersections per square mile Number of intersections per square mile Connected node ratio Connected node ratio Measures of Destinations Measures of Destinations Presence of major regional “attractors” Presence of major regional “attractors” CNR =.72CNR =.96

New Robust Travel Survey At each origin / destination: At each origin / destination: Household/Personal attributes Household/Personal attributes Demographics Demographics Parcel level attributes Parcel level attributes Land use (detailed and generalized) Land use (detailed and generalized) Density (units/acre and FAR) Density (units/acre and FAR) Area (parcel and buildings) Area (parcel and buildings) Neighborhood attributes Neighborhood attributes Percentage of each land use type Percentage of each land use type Connectivity indicators Connectivity indicators Accessibility Measures Accessibility Measures Regional Attributes Regional Attributes Trip Lengths!!!!! Trip Lengths!!!!!

Conclusions Next steps Next steps Database with trip distances and land use descriptors currently being examined Database with trip distances and land use descriptors currently being examined Additional travel surveys to be examined Additional travel surveys to be examined Consensus among professionals and public agencies of a need for further research into the development of VMT- based impact fees Consensus among professionals and public agencies of a need for further research into the development of VMT- based impact fees

Conclusions This research is an important first step towards developing simple yet mathematically-sound operational procedures for implementing VMT-based traffic-impact assessment schemes This research is an important first step towards developing simple yet mathematically-sound operational procedures for implementing VMT-based traffic-impact assessment schemes How could it be used? How could it be used? Fee assessment vs. managing growth Fee assessment vs. managing growth Alternative to concurrency? Alternative to concurrency?

Acknowledgements: VMT-based Methodology: Center for Multimodal Solutions to Congestion Mitigation, Siva Srinivasan, Russell Provost, Lauren DeLarco, Abdulnaser Arafat, and Andy Duce VMT-based Methodology: Center for Multimodal Solutions to Congestion Mitigation, Siva Srinivasan, Russell Provost, Lauren DeLarco, Abdulnaser Arafat, and Andy Duce