What do all these items have in common? How does each object link in?

What do all these things have in common? How are they related?

What do all these items have in common? Answers

Oil An oil rig is used to remove oil from reserves found under the ground

Oil An oil spills can cover beaches and have a huge impact on marine and costal habitats

Oil Oil is made from hydrocarbons chains (chains of hydrogen and carbons joined together)

Oil Most cars run on petrol. Petrol is made from crude oil by separating out a certain carbon length

Oil Crude oil straight from the ground is very thick and must be split into fractions (different carbon chain lengths) to be useful

Oil Hydrocarbon chains can be drawn like this

Oil Oil is split into fractions (different chain lengths) in a distillation column

Oil Plastics are made from oil

Oil The distillation column is used to separate the mixture of different oils (made of different lengths of carbon chain). This diagram shows what they are used for

Oil An oil spills can cover beaches and have a huge impact on marine and costal habitats

Oil Jets use kerosene in their engines which is a medium length hydrocarbon

Oil An oil spills can cover beaches and have a huge impact on marine and costal habitats

L.O. To know what crude oil is made from and to be able to represent Alkanes Crude Oil and Alkanes

Oil and gas formation Oil and gas formation

Can you use these pictures to explain how oil is formed? (They aren’t in the correct order)

20/11/2015 Hydrocarbons and crude oil Longer chains mean… 1.Less ability to flow 2.Less flammable 3.Less volatile (ease to vaporise) 4.Higher boiling point 5.Darker colours Increasing length Crude oil is a mixture of HYDROCARBONS (compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen). Some examples: Ethane C C H H H HH H Butane CC H H H HH H C C H H H H

20/11/2015Alkanes Alkanes are SATURATED HYDROCARBONS. What does this mean? HYDROCARBONS are molecules that are made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms SATURATED means that all of these atoms are held together by single bonds, for example: Ethane Alkanes are fairly unreactive (but they do burn well). The general formula for an alkane is C n H 2n+2 C C H H H HH H Butane CC H H H HH H C C H H H H

Names of Alkanes The names of the 4 simplest alkanes are methane, ethane, propane and butane. After that the names are systematic (like the words used to describe geometric shapes.) E.g. –5 carbons = pentane C 5 H 12 –6 carbons = hexaneC 6 H 14 –7 carbons = heptaneC 7 H 16 –8 carbons = octaneC 8 H 18 –9 carbons = nonaneC 9 H 20 –10 carbons = decaneC 10 H 22 carbon hydrogen pentane

Alkanes all have a general formula of C n H 2n+2 This is because they have a CH 3 at each end and the rest is made of groups of CH 2 What will be the formula for alkanes containing the following numbers of carbons? C 12 H 26 C 16 H 34 C 31 H 64 C 19 H 40 Activity Number of carbonsFormula

C H H H H methane, CH 4 Drawing Alkanes Alkanes can be drawn like this. Can you draw the alkanes below? butane, C 4 H 10 pentane, C 5 H 12 ethane, C 2 H 6 propane, C 3 H 8

butane, C 4 H 10 C H H H C H H C H H C H H H pentane, C 5 H 12 C H H H C H H C H H C H H C H H H C H H H C H H H ethane, C 2 H 6 C H H H C H H C H H H propane, C 3 H 8

C H H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H H hexane, C 6 H 14 and so on………… Notice the carbon chain is not really straight

Quick Quiz 1. Name the elements that join together to make a hydrocarbon 2. What name is given to the alkane C 6 H 14 ? 3. Copy and complete this sentence: ‘As the chain length of a hydrocarbon decreases, the boiling point ………………….?’ 4. Which is more flammable a short or long chain hydrocarbon? Why? 5. 20/11/2015

1. hydrogen and carbon 2. hexane 3. As the chain length of a hydrocarbon decreases, the boiling point ………………….? 4. short chain hydrocarbons are more flammable because they are more volatile (reactive) 20/11/2015