Dialogue systems Volha Petukhova Saarland University 03/07/2015 Einführung in Diskurs and Pragmatik, Sommersemester

Introduction Multimodal natural-language based dialogue as human-machine interface 05/02/2015XRCE, Grenoble2

Introduction: dialogue systems 05/02/2015XRCE, Grenoble3 ASR Visual... Interpret... Fusion Dialogue Manager TTS Visual... Generate... Fission Input Modules Output Modules Discourse Model Dialogue Act recognition

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DM: approaches Dialogue Grammars Template/slot-filling Information state update Statistical models

Dialogue Grammars Observed that dialogue flow follows certain patterns Speaker switch: who talks and for how long Local structure: adjacency pairs (e.g. Question – Answer) Overall dialogue/interaction structure (opening-main part – closing ) Collaboration (in cooperative dialogues) – joined mutual goal Turn taking Grounding Error handling Context interpretation (anaphora, world knowledge, common sense knowledge

Finite State Automata Dialogue can be modelled as finite state automata: system asks for information (interacts) in a certain order and according certain patterns (system initiative)

CSLU toolkit FSA approach

Chatbots A chatbot is a conversational agent that interacts with users using natural language. First chatbot - ELIZA (Weizenbaum 1966), which emulated a psychotherapist. ALICE is a chatbot: ALICE System ALICE: the Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity; a software robot that you can chat with using natural language. ALICE language knowledge is stored in AIML files. AIML: The Artificial Intelligence Mark up Language.

Alice  Topics : each Topic file contains a list of categories  Categories: contain  Pattern: to match with user input  Template: represents ALICE output PATTERN Template..

AIML CATEGORIES ( Basic unit of knowledge) » HELLO Hi there! Consists of: Input Question, Output Answer, [Context] Pattern = Initial question (a.k.a. “Stimulus”) Template = Answer (a.k.a. “Response”) Context = Optional, “that” or “topic” Consists only of words, spaces and wildcards _ and * Words have letters and/or numerals, space separated Case insensitive

Human: What time is it? ALICE: Time is measured differently depending on where you are. Human: Do you feel it? REDUCTION / RECURSION DO YOU KNOW WHO * IS WHO IS YES * YES YOUR A * I think you mean "you're" or "you are" not "your." YOU ARE A CE: To five-dimensional beings, time is like a piece of paper.

Let’s talk to Alice

Virtual Human toolkit: NPCEditor