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Presentation transcript:

(from Tanenabaum: “Computer Networks” Chapter 1) and Layers (from Tanenabaum: “Computer Networks” Chapter 1) and The TCP Layer (Chaper 6)

Network Software Protocol Hierarchies Layers, protocols, and interfaces.

Protocol Hierarchies (2) The philosopher-translator-secretary architecture.

Protocol Hierarchies (3) Example information flow supporting virtual communication in layer 5.

The OSI reference model. Reference Models The OSI reference model.

Reference Models (2) The TCP/IP reference model.

Reference Models (3) Protocols and networks in the TCP/IP model initially.

Services to Protocols Relationship The relationship between a service and a protocol.

Transport (TCP) Services Provided to the Upper Layers F D C E B

Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services Six different types of service.

Service Primitives (2) Packets sent in a simple (or complex) client-server interaction on a connection-oriented network.

(Reminder: Berkeley Sockets:) Transport Connection Primitives The socket primitives for TCP.

Socket Programming Example: Internet File Server 6-6-1 Client code using sockets.

Socket Programming Example: Internet File Server (2) Client code using sockets.

Reminder: headers added by layers The nesting of TPDUs, packets, and frames.

The TCP Service Model (2) (a) Four 512-byte segments sent as separate IP datagrams. (b) The 2048 bytes of data delivered to the application in a single READ CALL.

The TCP Segment Header TCP Header.

The TCP Segment Header (2) The pseudoheader included in the TCP checksum.

TCP Transmission Policy Window management in TCP.

TCP Transmission Policy (2) Silly window syndrome.

TCP Connection Establishment 6-31 (a) TCP connection establishment in the normal case. (b) Call collision.

Abrupt disconnection with loss of data. Connection Release Abrupt disconnection with loss of data.

Connection Release (2) The two-army problem.

Connection Release (3) 6-14, a, b Four protocol scenarios for releasing a connection. (a) Normal case of a three-way handshake. (b) final ACK lost.

Connection Release (4) 6-14, c,d (c) Response lost. (d) Response lost and subsequent DRs lost.

TCP Congestion Control (a) A fast network feeding a low capacity receiver. (b) A slow network feeding a high-capacity receiver.

TCP Timer Management (a) Probability density of ACK arrival times in the data link layer. (b) Probability density of ACK arrival times for TCP.

Splitting a TCP connection into two connections. Wireless TCP and UDP Splitting a TCP connection into two connections.

Performance Problems in Computer Networks The state of transmitting one megabit from San Diego to Boston (a) At t = 0, (b) After 500 μsec, (c) After 20 msec, (d) after 40 msec.

Fast TPDU Processing The fast path from sender to receiver is shown with a heavy line. The processing steps on this path are shaded.