Soil and Productivity.

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Presentation transcript:

Soil and Productivity

Importance of Soil Soil: the layer of material that covers the land Where plants anchor and grow Made of weathered rock, decomposing plant and animal matter Has spaces for air and water movement Soils differ in organic content which effects the ability to support plant life.

Layers of composition 3 major types of soil Horizon A: Topsoil Horizon B: Subsoil Horizon C: Parent Rock Horizon D: Bedrock Each layer has different characteristics depending on where it is found.

Grasslands Horizon A is deep and supports root growth; small particles of rock mixed with decaying plant and animals (Humas). Horizon B is the subsoil (mix of dirt and rock). Horizon C is mostly large pieces of rock. Horizon D is bedrock solid rock.

Forest

Deserts Horizon A: limited plant growth so little decomposition, so thin top soil or none at all.

Disturbing soils Soils change over time naturally Human impact: deforestation leads to increased erosion of topsoil (no roots to hold soil in place)

Feeding the Human Population!

Productivity of Ecosystems Ecosystems have different productivities, based on light availability, soil types, precipitation, temperature, nutrients. Productivity: the quantity of biomass of plants produced each year on a given area (g/m2)

Productivity of different ecosystems:

Sustaining life Biotic: living part of the environment. Ex: plants and animals Abiotic: non-living part of the environment. Ex: elements, air, and water.

The key events - respiration and photosynthesis Photosynthesis takes carbon dioxide, water and energy to produce carbohydrates and oxygen. Respiration takes carbohydrates and oxygen, combines them to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy.