Types/Levels of Integration Chao-Hsien Chu, Ph.D. School of Information Sciences and Technology The Pennsylvania State University Presentation Data Functional Hardware Systems Software Network

Problem Solving Approaches Handcrafted Approach:  Batch file transfers under manual control  Human activated. New Technologies:  Object Oriented Technology.  Application Servers – Web Service.  Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)  Extensible Markup Language (XML).

The Two Components of Integration Documents Imagery Numeric Data Call Center Bill Payment Mortgage UNIX PC MVS Information Integration Application Integration Network Integration Environment Process

Evolution of Integration Range Complexity Systems Integration Document s Imagery Numeric Data Call Center Bill Payment Mortgage UNIX PC MVS Application Integration Network Integration PC Hardware Integration

Levels of Integration Documents Imagery Numeric Data Call Center Bill Payment Mortgage UNIX PC MVS Information Integration Application Integration Network Integration System Integration

Document s Imager y Numeric Data Call Center Bill Payment Mortgage UNIX PC MVS Application Integration Network Integration Systems Integration Information Integration Document s Imager y Numeric Data Call Center Bill Payment Mortgage UNIX PC MVS Application Integration Network Integration Document s Imager y Numeric Data Call Center Bill Payment Mortgage UNIX PC MVS Information Integration Application Integration Network Integration Information Integration

Integration Models Integration Models Simplicity Reusability Breath of Approach Expertise Required Presentation Integration Data Integration Functional Integration AttributesModels

ADO ODBC JDBC XSL CSS XML Application Connectors XML Document Print out CD ROM Web WAP, etc. RDBMS OODBMS Other DBMSs Applications DOM SAX Data Integration Presentation Integration Functional Integration

XML Information Retrieval Mechanism Application Programs / Browsers DOMDSO CSSXSL XML Documents XML SQL Data SQL Server Oracle Others ADO HTTP + SQL ODBC JDBC Functional Integration Presentation Integration Data Integration

The Presentation Integration Model Common Presentation Legacy Application Packaged Application Web browser Java Windows GUI Data

Presentation Integration Model  Providing a Microsoft Windows interface to a mainframe application.  Providing a unified HTML interface to an SAP R/3 and mainframe application.  Providing a unified Java-based interface to multiple mainframe application.  Providing a unified HTML Applet interface to a Java-based application.

The Data Integration Model Application Logic Middleware Presentation Legacy Application Packaged Application Data Web browser Java Windows GUI Batch file transfer Database gateway ODBC Data warehousing OLAP Data transformation

The Data Integration Model  Combining customer data from Sybase, IBM DB2, and SAP R/3 databases into a call center application.  Creating an executive information system (EIS) that uses data from mainframe and Oracle database.  Allowing other applications to access information in Peoplesoft and custom Oracle databases.  Data warehousing is a good example.  Designing a VB interface to retrieve and display data from a C++ application.

Packaged Application The Functional Integration Model Application Logic Middleware Presentation Legacy Application Data Web browser Java Windows GUI MOM (Message Oriented Middleware) DOT (Distributed Object Tech.) TP monitor (Transaction Processing)

Distributed Processing Middleware  Message Oriented Middleware (MOM). Providing integration by passing message between applications.  Distributed Object Technology (DOT). CORBA (OMG), COM+ (Microsoft), J2EE (SUN).  Transaction Processing Monitors (TPMs). Allow a transaction to be managed using two-phase commit.  API (Application Programming Interface) is a good example.

Comparison of Integration Approaches Presentation Integration Data Integration Functional Integration Application is visible (white box) Application can be visible or invisible Database is visible (white box) Database can be visible or invisible Higher degree of coupling Reusable; Plug and play systems Allow access to data or a software component Code integration at procedures or objects Use API or connectors for integration

Approaches to Functional Integration  Data Consistency. The coordination of information updates from one or more sources across integrated applications.  Multistep Process. A coordinated set of actions executed across integrated applications.  Plug and Play Components. The creation of reusable interfaces across applications that simplify construction of new applications.

Data Consistency Integration Change address 123 Colshire Dr Ashburn, VA Web Site Customer Changes address Change address 123 Colshire Dr Ashburn, VA Change address 123 Colshire Dr Ashburn, VA Checking System Mortgage System PMI System An application to access or update data

Multistep Process Integration Order Processing System Logistics and Shipping System Web Site Billing System Customer 2. Create order 1. Order supplies 3. Ship order 4. Update order status 5. Update order status 4. Send bill Payment Bill Product An application to initiate workflow

Component Integration Checking System Savings System Mortgage System Equities System Single View of the Customer Web Site Customer checking on account

Functional Integration Approaches Data Consistency Multistep Process Component Integration Loosely coupledTightly coupled Asynchronous dominates Asynchronous or synchronous based Synchronous dominates One-way One-way and request/reply Request/reply Simple abstraction of business rules Complex abstraction of business rules

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