The Creek Consisted of 2 distinct groups the upper and lower CreeksConsisted of 2 distinct groups the upper and lower Creeks The Upper and Lower Creeks were divided in their feelings toward the U.S.The Upper and Lower Creeks were divided in their feelings toward the U.S. The Oconee War was between the Creek and the settlers– they were fighting over territoryThe Oconee War was between the Creek and the settlers– they were fighting over territory President Washington called Chief Alexander McGillvray to New York for peace talksPresident Washington called Chief Alexander McGillvray to New York for peace talks McGillvray signed the Treaty of New York, by which the Creek gave up all land east of the Oconee RiverMcGillvray signed the Treaty of New York, by which the Creek gave up all land east of the Oconee River

The Creeks Red Sticks wanted war and the White Sticks wanted peace.Red Sticks wanted war and the White Sticks wanted peace. On August 30 th, 1813 the Red Sticks attacked Fort MimsOn August 30 th, 1813 the Red Sticks attacked Fort Mims Fort Mims MassacreFort Mims Massacre 1,000 Red Sticks overan the fort Killed and scalped 500 people Murdered innocent white & mixed blood families Ignited a civil war between the upper and lower creeks – known as the Creek WarIgnited a civil war between the upper and lower creeks – known as the Creek War

Chief McIntosh Leader of the Lower CreekLeader of the Lower Creek Indian mother and Scottish fatherIndian mother and Scottish father Government used him to get rest of the Creek landGovernment used him to get rest of the Creek land Without consent of tribe signed Treaty of Indian Springs ceding Creek land to U.S.Without consent of tribe signed Treaty of Indian Springs ceding Creek land to U.S. Was shot down and stabbed to deathWas shot down and stabbed to death

The Cherokees Living in mountains they were out of main path of white migrationLiving in mountains they were out of main path of white migration Went to war with whites and Creeks oftenWent to war with whites and Creeks often In 1794 they signed peace treaty with U.S.In 1794 they signed peace treaty with U.S. Sequoyah – Created and taught others to write Cherokee languageSequoyah – Created and taught others to write Cherokee language Syllabry – set of written characters or symbols used to represent spoken syllablesSyllabry – set of written characters or symbols used to represent spoken syllables

The Cherokee Cherokee Efforts to adapt to the settlers’ cultureCherokee Efforts to adapt to the settlers’ culture Joined together to form nation that crossed four states Set up Constitution much like U.S. Cherokee Phoenix – Cherokee bilingual newspaper, edited by Elias BoudinotCherokee Phoenix – Cherokee bilingual newspaper, edited by Elias Boudinot New Echota – Capital of Cherokee nationNew Echota – Capital of Cherokee nation

Georgia General Assembly Put an end to Cherokee nationPut an end to Cherokee nation Declared Cherokee laws null and voidDeclared Cherokee laws null and void Passed Act extending authority of GA laws to CherokeePassed Act extending authority of GA laws to Cherokee Indian or descendent couldn’t testify in courtIndian or descendent couldn’t testify in court John Marshall – Chief justice that ruled that Georgia’s courts did not jurisdiction over the Cherokee Nation and lands (Worcester v. Georgia)John Marshall – Chief justice that ruled that Georgia’s courts did not jurisdiction over the Cherokee Nation and lands (Worcester v. Georgia)

President Andrew Jackson Led troops in the Battle of New Orleans after the War of 1812Led troops in the Battle of New Orleans after the War of 1812 Would become PresidentWould become President Asked Congress to pass an Indian removal bill giving him more powers in Indian mattersAsked Congress to pass an Indian removal bill giving him more powers in Indian matters Told them to move WestTold them to move West

Indian Conflict The discovery of Gold in Dahlonega led to the final Indian Removal from GeorgiaThe discovery of Gold in Dahlonega led to the final Indian Removal from Georgia The Indian Removal Act of 1830 allowed Georgia to push Creek and the Cherokee out of the state and seize their landThe Indian Removal Act of 1830 allowed Georgia to push Creek and the Cherokee out of the state and seize their land John Ross – Chief of the Cherokee that fought move westJohn Ross – Chief of the Cherokee that fought move west Major Ridge – led Cherokee movement west, believed it was better for themMajor Ridge – led Cherokee movement west, believed it was better for them Treaty of New Echota – Ridge faction agreed to give up land & move west for $5 millionTreaty of New Echota – Ridge faction agreed to give up land & move west for $5 million

Indian Conflict Trail of TearsTrail of Tears The route to Oklahoma Cherokees used when forced to leave GA Moved west on foot in dead of winter Thousands died and were treated inhumanely Winfield Scott – General who rounded up the last 15,000 Cherokees in GA