Binary Hydrogen Compounds Oxysalts + H 2 O  Oxyacids.

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Presentation transcript:

Binary Hydrogen Compounds Oxysalts + H 2 O  Oxyacids

Binary Hydrogen Compounds of Nonmetals When Dissolved in Water (These compounds are commonly called acids.) The prefix hydro- is used to represent hydrogen, followed by the name of the nonmetal with its ending replaced by the suffix –ic and the word acid added. Examples: *HCl HBr *The name of this compound would be hydrogen chloride if it was NOT dissolved in water. Hydrochloric acid Hydrobromic acid

Naming Simple Chemical Compounds Ionic (metal and nonmetal)Covalent (2 nonmetals) Metal Forms only one positive ion Forms more than one positive ion Nonmetal Use the name of element Use element name followed by a Roman numeral to show the charge First nonmetal Second nonmetal Before element name use a prefix to match subscript Use a prefix before element name and end with ide Single Negative Ion Polyatomic Ion Use the name of the element, but end with ide Use the name of polyatomic ion (ate or Ite)

Naming Ternary Compounds from Oxyacids The following table lists the most common families of oxy acids. one more oxygen atom most “common” one less oxygen two less oxygen HClO 4 perchloric acid HClO 3 chloric acid HClO 2 chlorous acid HClO hypochlorous acid H 2 SO 4 sulfuric acid H 2 SO 3 sulfurous acid H 3 PO 4 phosphoric acid H 3 PO 3 phosphorous acid H 3 PO 2 hypophosphorous acid HNO 3 nitric acid HNO 2 nitrous acid (HNO) 2 hyponitrous acid

An acid with a name ending in A salt with a name ending in -ic -ous -ate -ite forms Hill, Petrucci, General Chemistry An Integrated Approach  1999, page 60

Oxyacids  Oxysalts If you replace hydrogen with a metal, you have formed an oxysalt. A salt is a compound consisting of a metal and a non-metal. If the salt consists of a metal, a nonmetal, and oxygen it is called an oxysalt. NaClO 4, sodium perchlorate, is an oxysalt. HClO 4 perchloric acid HClO 3 chloric acid HClO 2 chlorous acid HClO hypochlorous acid NaClO 4 sodium perchlorate NaClO 3 sodium chlorate NaClO 2 sodium chlorite NaClO sodium hypochlorite OXYACID OXYSALT

ACID SALT per stem ic changes to per stem ate stem ic changes to stem ate stem ous changes to stem ite hyper stem ous changes to hypo stem ite HClO 3 + Na 1+ NaClO 3 + H 1+ acid cation salt