Chapter 30: Revolution and Nationalism Revolutions is Russia Revolutions is Russia  Unrest in Russia erupted in revolution to produce the first Communist government  Czars cracked down on anyone who seemed to threaten their government  Oppressed all non- Russian peoples who lived within the empire; especially Jews  When Czar Nicholas II was in power he launched a program aimed at building up Russia’s industry  Russia Quickly became a leading producer of steel in the world  They had severely poor working conditions

WHAT IS COMMUNISM? Communism is Communism is  a socioeconomic structure socioeconomic  political ideology political ideology political ideology  promotes the establishment of a classless, stateless society based on classlessstateless societyclasslessstateless society  common ownership and control of the means of production and property in general. common ownershipmeans of production common ownershipmeans of production  Karl Marx wanted a classless, stateless and oppression- free society where decisions on what to produce and what policies to pursue are made democratically Karl Marxdemocratically Karl Marxdemocratically  allowing every member of society to participate in the decision-making process in both the political and economic spheres of life.

Angry Workers Workers were angry because of poor working conditions, low wages, and children being forced to work Workers were angry because of poor working conditions, low wages, and children being forced to work The people split into two groups The people split into two groups  The main group was The Bolsheviks – led by Vladimir Lenin

WWI The suffering caused by WWI was the final blow against the czar’s rule The suffering caused by WWI was the final blow against the czar’s rule Russia had four million soldiers killed, wounded or captured Russia had four million soldiers killed, wounded or captured The czar lost control of Russia The czar lost control of Russia Soldiers refused to fight Soldiers refused to fight Prices shot ski high Prices shot ski high People starved People starved In March of 1917 almost workers took to the streets to protest high prices In March of 1917 almost workers took to the streets to protest high prices Soldiers shot into the crowd Soldiers shot into the crowd Later they fired at their officers and joined the protest Later they fired at their officers and joined the protest The Czar was forced to step down The Czar was forced to step down A year later he and his family were executed A year later he and his family were executed

Alexander Kerensky Kerensky formed a new government Kerensky formed a new government He hoped to keep Russia in the war He hoped to keep Russia in the war The decision cost him the support of the soldiers The decision cost him the support of the soldiers They wanted to fight no more and the workers wanted an end to the food shortage They wanted to fight no more and the workers wanted an end to the food shortage Across the country these forces formed local counsels called SOVIETS Across the country these forces formed local counsels called SOVIETS Some soviets had real power over the government Some soviets had real power over the government

Lenin Returned to Russia determined to bring about his revolution Returned to Russia determined to bring about his revolution His slogan “Peace, land, Bread His slogan “Peace, land, Bread In November 1917 armed workers took control of government offices In November 1917 armed workers took control of government offices The Kerensky reign was ended The Kerensky reign was ended To win peasants support Lenin ordered all farmland to be given to them To win peasants support Lenin ordered all farmland to be given to them Workers were given control of the factories Workers were given control of the factories Lenin agreed to a peace treaty with Germany Lenin agreed to a peace treaty with Germany Gave away large amounts of Russian land Gave away large amounts of Russian land

Lenin The forces opposed to Lenin's revolution – supported by the Allies who fought Germany tried to defeat Lenin's army in battle The forces opposed to Lenin's revolution – supported by the Allies who fought Germany tried to defeat Lenin's army in battle The civil war lasted three years The civil war lasted three years the fighting and the famine that followed it killed 14 MILLION Russians the fighting and the famine that followed it killed 14 MILLION Russians In the End Lenin's Red Army WON In the End Lenin's Red Army WON In 1921Lenin Launched a new Plan to rebuild the Russian economy In 1921Lenin Launched a new Plan to rebuild the Russian economy It allowed for some private ownership of property It allowed for some private ownership of property Changed the government to forma new nation – The Soviet Union Changed the government to forma new nation – The Soviet Union Run by leaders of the Communist Party Run by leaders of the Communist Party By the late 1920’s the Soviet economy had come back By the late 1920’s the Soviet economy had come back Farms and factories were producing as much as they had before WWI Farms and factories were producing as much as they had before WWI