Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay

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Presentation transcript:

Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______

Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay

Geologic Dating Methods II: Known Rates of Radioactive Decay PG

Geologic Dating Methods III: Ratios of Parent : Daughter Atoms Radiocarbon half-lifes

EARTH’S OLDEST ROCKS 4.03 BYA (Acosta Gneisses) 3.7 – 3.8 BYA 3.4 – 3.5 BYA – 3.6 BYA

Earth’s Oldest Known Rocks (Probably do NOT date to Earth’s Formation)

Geologic Forces (e.g., Plate Tectonics)

Origin of Solar System

IRON METEORITES (Canyon Diablo) Age: BYA (U > Pb)

Canyon Diablo Crater (Near Flagstaff AZ)

LUNAR ROCKS Oldest Moon Rocks: BYA

Earth’s Origin (~ BYA)

500 Million Years After Origin of Earth (Artistic Rendition) 0.jpg

The Earth Cools (Artistic Rendition) zoology/Precambrian/Precambrian.htm

Ancient Evidence for Free Oxygen Isua Rock (Greenland): ~ 3.7 Billion Years Old Metamorphosed Sediments Abundant Free Uranium – Likely Only in Oxidizing Environment

Oxygen Liberating Process?

Ancient Fossil “Cyanobacteria” (3.47 BYA) Apex Chert in Western Australia (Pilbara Formation)

Fossil Stromatolites (3.5 BYA)

Living Stromatolites (Shark Bay Australia)

Fig. 2.8 in Willis and McElwain 2002 Stromatolite Formation

Living Stromatolites (Cross-Section)

Fossil Stromatolites (with Fossil Microorganisms) Gunflint Chert – Ontario, Canada (2 BYA)

Origin of the Cell?

Origin of Organic Macromolecules?

Hypothesis I: Terrestrial Accretion (Miller – Urey Experiments 1950s)

Origin of Cell Membrane?

Fig. 2.4 in Willis and McElwain 2002 Hypothesis: Drying, Rehydrating of Tide Pools

Hypothesis II: Meteoric and Cometary Infall of Organic Molecules formed Elsewhere (Present Day Meterites can contain 1% Organic Molecules)

Hypothesis III: Meteoric and Cometary Infall of Cells formed Elsewhere (e.g., Mars)

Predominantly Non-Oxidized Sediments Reduced Rocks

Ancient Evidence for Free Oxygen Isua Rock (Greenland): ~ 3.7 Billion Years Old Metamorphosed Sediments Abundant Free Uranium – Likely Only in Oxidizing Environment

Banded Iron Formations (Up to Billion Years Ago) Evidence for Pulses of Free Oxygen

Red Beds (Up to 2.3 Billion Years Ago) Evidence for Free Oxygen Accumulation

Heterocysts (Up to 2.1 Billion Years Ago) Microbiology 155 (2009),

Atmospheric Oxygen Levels

Fossil Eukaryotic Cells Grypania ciliaris (Alga) in Northern Michigan (2.1 – 1.1 BYA)

Fossil “Red Alga” in Arctic Canada (1200 MYA) “Bangia” Figs in Willis and McElwain 2002

Fossil “Green Alga” in Spitsbergen ( MYA) “Cladophora” Fig in Willis and McElwain 2002

Fossil Tetrads (> 470 MYA) Bitter Springs Formation, Australia

Cooksonia (420 MYA)