pH Scale Neutral = 7.0 (Water) Increases by a factor of 10X. Increases by a factor of 10X.

What makes acids and bases?

Preparing the pH indicator (Cabbage Juice) Obtain a chunk of red cabbage. Use scissors to shred the cabbage into one of your two beakers. Rinse the scissors with water, but DO NOT DRY THE SCISSORS. Add distilled water to the shredded cabbage until the water level is at the 200mL mark. Wait 20-25 minutes. Use the coffee filter and funnel to filter out the pieces of cabbage. Pour the cabbage juice into the second beaker. Compost Cabbage, coffee filters and paper towels. Rinse the beaker and clean up.

Relative pH Color Scale More Acidic---Less Acidic----Neutral---Less Basic---More Basic

Actual Results (End of Class) Coffee ≈ pH 5 Milk ≈ pH 6.5

Actual Results after 24 hours

Litmus Paper pH Indicator (Before) R=Red B=Blue N=Neutral

Litmus Paper pH Indicator (After) R=Red B=Blue N=Neutral

Red is usually associated with acids. Blue is usually associated with bases. Hydrangeas can change color based on the pH of the soil.

Neutralization: Acid + Base = Salt + Water Hydrochloric Acid HCl + Sodium Hydroxide + NaOH → Sodium Chloride →NaCl + Water +H20

Reactants Products Salt The old vinegar (acetic acid) and baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) trick: Reactants Products Salt

Acid + Base =Neutralization

Sulfuric Acid Mud Pot and Lake

KC4 H5O6 (Cream of tartar)