13 Liquids Demos: Surface tension (pepper, soap) Homework:

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Presentation transcript:

13 Liquids Demos: Surface tension (pepper, soap) Homework: RQ: 2, 4, 7, 10, 12, 14, 21. Problems: 2, 10.

Pressure pressure = force/area Example: 500N applied to 0.10m2. Pressure = 500/0.10 = 5,000N/m2. Example: atmospheric pressure is 100,000 N/m2.

Depth and Fluid Pressure pressure = weight density x depth depth only (not area), pressure equal at bottom of all shapes below

Buoyancy and Archimedes’ Principle

sink or float? object more dense than fluid sinks object less dense than fluid floats object same density as fluid is neutral

Water Density & Volumes “L” = liter (about 33oz) 1mL = 0.001L = 1cc 1mL water = 1gram water density = 1gram/mL

Example Volumes An 800 gram object displaces 400mL (submerged). What is its density? Density = mass/volume = 800grams/400mL = 800grams/400cm3 = 2g/cm3

Example 1 Arch. A 1kg object displaces 200mL of water (submerged). Does it sink or float? Density = 1000g/200mL = 5g/mL = 5g/cm3 Density > 1 Sinks

Example 2 Arch. A 1kg object displaces 1200mL of water (submerged). Does it sink or float? Density = 1000g/1200mL = 0.83g/mL = 0.83g/cm3 Density < 1g/cm3 Floats

Pascal’s Principle pressure increases on an enclosed fluid are transmitted undiminished to entire fluid. Hydraulic Application: output force = (area ratio)x(input force)

surface tension cohesive nature of surface of a fluid, e.g. waterbug, pin floating on water hot water has less surface tension, as does soapy water

Videos Metal boats Effect of Screen Soap in water, floating Soap in milk, food coloring Water, pepper

surface area sphere has smallest ratio of surface area/volume of any shape surface tension causes fluids to form ‘drops’ (water has more than 3 times the surface tension of alcohol)

Summary pressure = force/area pressure ~ depth buoyant force equals weight of displaced fluid pressure changes are distributed throughout enclosed fluids

Summary 2 surface tension phenomena surface area/volume ratio low for sphere, high for sheet

Ex: Sphere 12m3. area/volume = 4pR2/(4/3)pR3 = 3/R. Example: volume = 12 cubic meters. R = 1.42 meters area/volume = 3/1.42meter = 2.11/meter

12m3 rectangular plates 1) height = 3m, width = 2m, depth = 2m calculate area/volume ratio for these three objects. How do these ratios compare to the sphere?