CHAPTERS 20, 21 & 22 JAPAN REVIEW
DEFINE: CULTURAL DIFFUSION
The spread of culture from one society to another CULTURAL DIFFUSION
WHAT WAS PRINCE SHOTOKU KNOWN FOR?
He aided in reforms of Japanese government by introducing ideas from China on the supreme role of emperor; centralized government, civil service exams (bureaucracy). This wreaked the role of Ujjis or clans.
DEFINE: DIAMYO, SHOGUN & SAMURAI
Daimyo: Lords who the Samurai served Shogun: military leader of the Samurai; rose to power in the 12 th century Samurai: warriors; a warrior class of society that dominated Japan from the 12 th century until 1860’s; used swords and bow; highly valued personal honor
DEFINE: GOLDEN AGE
No wars; often a time of peace Surplus of food Increase standard of living Specialization of goods and the arts Flourishing of the arts GOLDEN AGE
What was the Samurai’s code called and what did it emphasize?
Loyalty and respect for Daimyo and personal honor; very strict. BUSHIDO
What is the importance of the Fujiwara Family?
Family was advisors to the emperor during the Heian-Kyo Period. * advised the emperor * married in their daughters * often ruled by manipulating the emperors * when in “power” 200 years of stability and peace
WHAT IS SHINTOISM
Traditional Religion of Japan Emphasis on Nature Co-existed with Buddhism in Japan Used in traditional marriage celebrations SHINTO
WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF BUDDHISM?
AMIDA ZEN
Which form of Buddhism tells its followers that to reach enlightenment they need the mercy of the Buddha, should pray with his name daily, and will enter the Pure Land after death?
AMIDA
How did ZEN Buddhism influence Samurai culture?
Its focus on self-reliance and discipline helped the Samurai follow the Bushido code.
HOW WERE THE CAPITALS OF CHINA AND JAPAN SIMILAR
NARA (Japan) was on a checkerboard grid, had a temples near the palace and had a long central boulevard, similar to Chang’an in Japan.
WHY DID HEIAN KYO FALL???
Tensions between the rich and poor classes Not enough tax base income to fund the court Corruption and giving away of tax free land by emperor Bandits that made the countryside unsafe
What is the difference between Kanji and Kana?
Kanji was form of Chinese writing the Japan adopted. Kana refers to the letter that were borrowed.
What example of art can you find from the Heian Kyo Period?
Women Writers: Tale of Gengi, Pillow Book Tanka: Poetry using syllables similar to Haiku Tea Ceremonies Simple architecture: simplicity was considered beautiful
WHAT WAS CONSIDERED BEAUTIFUL IN THE IMPERIAL COURT?
Black teeth Long hair White powdered skin Pointy beards Perfumes
WHAT FORMS OF ENTERTAINMENT EXISTED IN THE IMPERIAL COURT?
Poetry was used in daily life; tanka Tea ceremonies Writing and novels ( Tale of the Genghi; Pillow Book)
What happened between the 12 th and 18 th Centuries between the Shogun, Daimyos and Samurai?
Depends; initially in the 12 th century Shoguns had the power, then the daimyos grew more powerful, created independent kingdoms and began fighting for power. In later years a powerful Shogun re-emerged as the power until the 1860’s