Process: A Generic View A software process is a roadmap to building high quality software products. provides a framework for managing activities. adapts to meet needs of software engineers and managers. Different types of projects require different software processes. Best indicators of how well a process worked are the quality, timeliness, and long-term viability of the resulting software product.

Software Processes What is a process? Characteristics Sequence of steps required to develop or maintain software Characteristics prescribes major activities constraints and controls apply to activities, resources, and products utilizes resources, subject to constraints such as schedule, to produce intermediate and final results constraints on activities: time, budget, tools controls on activities: config. mgmt, reports

Common Process Framework Communication Planning Modeling Construction Deployment

Umbrella Activities Software project tracking and control Risk management Software quality assurance Formal technical reviews Measurement Software configuration management Reusability management (defines criteria for work product reuse and establish mechanisms to achieve component reuse) Work product preparation and production (activities to create models, documents, logs, forms, lists, etc.)

Attributes for Comparing Process Models Overall flow and level of task dependencies Degree to which work products are identified and required within each framework activity Manner in which quality assurance activities are applied Manner in which project tracking and control activities are applied Overall degree of detail and rigor of process description Degree to which stakeholders are involved in the project Level of autonomy given to project team Degree to which team organization and roles are prescribed

Process Assessment SPICE (ISO/IE15504) standard defines a set of requirements for process assessment ISO 9001:2000 for Software defines requirements for a quality management system that will produce higher quality products and improve customer satisfaction

Software Engineering Institute (SEI) Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) Level 0: Incomplete (process is not performed) Level 1: Performed (tasks are being conducted) Level 2: Managed (tasks and products are monitored, reviewed, and evaluated for conformance to process description) Level 3: Defined (processes documented, standardized, and integrated into organization-wide software process) Level 4: Quantitatively Managed (software process and products are quantitatively understood and controlled using detailed measures) Level 5: Optimizing (continuous process improvement is enabled by quantitative feedback from the process and testing innovative ideas)

Team Software Process Objectives Build self-directed teams that plan and track their work, establish goals, and own their processes and plans Show managers how to coach and motivate their teams and maintain peak performance Accelerate software process improvement by making CCM Level 5 behavior normal and expected Provide improvement guidance to high-maturity organizations Facilitate university teaching of industrial team skills

Team Software Process Scripts for Project Activities Project launch Design Implementation Integration and system testing Postmortem