McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 3: Prefixes

McGraw-Hill 3-2 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Learning Outcomes Describe how prefixes are put together to form medical terms Recognize and use common medical prefixes related to size and quantity Recognize and use common medical prefixes related to position and location Recognize and use common medical prefixes related to time Recognize and use common medical prefixes related to presence and quality Interpret and use common Miscellaneous prefixes McGraw-Hill

3-3 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology Compound words matched together to define and condense phrases related to the human body, disease, and conditions McGraw-Hill

3-4 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Prefixes Common and familiar to the English language Word parts attached to beginning of root words to enhance or modify its meaning

McGraw-Hill 3-5 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Prefixes Act as adjectives Indicate size or quantity Position or location Time Presence or quality of specific factors

McGraw-Hill 3-6 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Hypertension hyper- [high, excessive] -tension [blood pressure] = high blood pressure

McGraw-Hill 3-7 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Polycystic Ovarian Disease Polycystic poly- [multiple] -cystic [related to cysts] = multiple cysts

McGraw-Hill 3-8 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Hemiplegic hemi- [half] -plegic [paralysis] = half paralysis

McGraw-Hill 3-9 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Putting it Together Root Words gives the essential meaning to a word, the foundation Card- root word for heart Peri- prefix meaning surrounding Pericardia- around; surrounding the heart

McGraw-Hill 3-10 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Combining Forms word root plus a combining vowel or vowels - cardiology card- (root for heart)) -i- and -o- (combining vowels) –logy (suffix meaning study of) cardiology

McGraw-Hill 3-11 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Remember! The word root is the “foundation” piece Prefix/suffix can change the meaning

McGraw-Hill 3-12 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Prefixes (Size and Quantity) bi-, di- twice, double brachy- short hemi- half iso- equal, same meg(a)-, megal(o)- large

McGraw-Hill 3-13 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Size and Quantity micr(o)- small, microscopic mon(o)- single multi- many pan-, pant(o)- all, entire pluri- several, more

McGraw-Hill 3-14 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Size and Quantity poly- many quadra-, quadri-four tri- three uni- one, single

McGraw-Hill 3-15 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Prefixes (Position/Location) ab-, abs- away from ad- toward, to ana-up, toward apo-derived, separate

McGraw-Hill 3-16 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Prefixes (Position/Location) cata-down circum-around di-, dif-, dir-, dis-not, separated dia- through ect(o)-outside

McGraw-Hill 3-17 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Prefixes (Position/Location) epi-over ex-out of, away from exo-external, on the outside extra-without, on the outside infra-positioned beneath

McGraw-Hill 3-18 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Prefixes (Position/Location) inter-between intra-within mes(o)-middle, median para-near, adjacent, beside per-through, intensely

McGraw-Hill 3-19 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Prefixes (Position/Location) peri-around, about, near retro-behind, backward sub-less than, under, inferior supra-above, over trans-across, through

McGraw-Hill 3-20 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Prefixes (Time) ante- before post- after, following pre- before primi- first pro- before, forward

McGraw-Hill 3-21 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Prefixes (Presence/Quality) a-without ambi-both, around an- without anti-against, opposing brady- slow

McGraw-Hill 3-22 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Prefixes (Presence/Quality) co-, col-, com- together con-, cor- together contra-against de-away from dys- abnormal, difficult, painful eu-well, good, normal

McGraw-Hill 3-23 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Prefixes (Presence/Quality) hyper- above normal, overly hypo- below normal mal- bad, inadequate re- again, backward semi- half

McGraw-Hill 3-24 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Prefixes (Presence/Quality) syl-, sym-, syn-, sys- together tachy-fast ultra-beyond, excessive un- not

McGraw-Hill 3-25 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Additional Prefixes auto-self meta-behind, after, beyond par(a)- beside, abnormal, involving two parts

McGraw-Hill 3-26 © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Review Describe how prefixes are put together to form medical terms Recognize and use common medical prefixes related to size and quantity Recognize and use common medical prefixes related to position and location Recognize and use common medical prefixes related to time Recognize and use common medical prefixes related to presence and quality Interpret and use common Miscellaneous prefixes