FILM HISTORY The Beginnings.

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Presentation transcript:

FILM HISTORY The Beginnings

Photography The first photograph Taken in 1826 By Joseph Niepce

Eadweard Muybridge Photographer hired in 1877 to prove a bet A galloping horse has all four hooves off the ground during stride Set up 24 cameras along a race track Experimented with motion sequences and set them up in viewing machines commonly called “Zoetropes.”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYKZif9ooxs

Photography to Film Multiple cameras producing multiple still photos to One camera producing multiple photos Glass plate to paper to flexible light sensitive material Ability to produce multiple photos in the thousands

The Eye Persistence of Vision/Phi Phenomena Motion is an optical illusion The retina retains an image for a fraction of a second Early silent film was standardized at 16 frames per second

George Eastman 1889 Perfected a process of nitro cellulose base on rolls that were transparent, thin, strong and standard in quality and began to manufacture them

THOMAS EDISON Laboratories in West Orange, New Jersey Invited Muybridge to his lab to demonstrate the Zoetrope device Interested in a visual accompaniment to his phonograph

Black Maria Studio (1893)-Kinetographic Theater

Early Edison Films https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQk5RftSdF8

W.K.L. Dickson invented the motion picture camera Kinetograph (motion writer) and Kinetoscope (motion viewer). Produced short bits of motion for single viewers and charged a nickel Fred Ott’s Sneeze and the Rice-Irwin Kiss

Edison’s Kinetoscope

The Black Maria Edison’s studio in West Orange All black and rotated to stay with the sun

Technical Inventions American Perforation Allowed film to run smoothly in cameras and projection (Dickson) Latham Loop, patented by Thomas Armet (worked for Edison) Intermittent Movement: Allowed film to stop momentarily at the gate

Lumiere vs. Dickson

Latham Loop and Intermittent Movement

Lumiere Simple shots Train leaving station Workers leaving the factory Steady camera observing action Realism

The Lumiere Brothers France 1895: Short Documentaries

George Melies

Melies

Scorsese’s Hugo (2011)

A Trip to the Moon https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FrdVdKlxUk

Early Filmmakers The Great Train Robbery 1903

Porter First Narrative Film Worked for Edison 1903 One Reel ten minutes long First film with a storyline First film shot out of sequence/editing First Western First Smash Hit Porter

Major Companies Edison Biograph Vitagraph Essanay Lubin Selig Kalem Melies Pathe

Motion Picture Patents Company Nine major film companies Monopoly on Film Exclusive contract with Eastman Kodak The General Film Company for distribution

Birth of Cinema Short https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0jm6j3s_uE

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