The Completeness of Planetary Searches Adric R. Riedel

Why? Image Credit: NASA/JPL (Galileo) Extrasolar planets may be the future of humanity Since 1995, hundreds of planets have been found orbiting sunlike stars.

The Question: If humanity leaves the Earth, where will we go? Where are we looking? Where are we NOT looking?

The Dædalus Project An unmanned interstellar spacecraft designed to reach Barnard’s Star within a human lifetime –Using only technologies expected to be available within the near future (nuclear explosion-based propulsion) –Would visit the supposed planets Time to Barnard’s Star: 50 years (0.12c)

The Project How many stars within 25 parsecs (81.5 light years, 680 years at 0.12c) are being looked at for planets? This requires: –A list of stars within 25 parsecs –A list of stars being looked at for planets

The 25 parsec sample The NStars database (Backman et al. 2000) 2644 objects (including planets and brown dwarfs) in 2037 systems Expectation is 6000 systems…

The 25 parsec map

The 25 parsec sample Spectral types generated from absolute V magnitudes –Less than half the objects in NStars have known spectral types or photometric color information –Not all stars within 25 parsecs (or in NStars) are on the main sequence All systems (including ones with known types) were assigned types this way. It’s consistently bogus.

Summing it all up: 25 parsec list

Planet Searches list Planet search teams are not required to publish a list of their intended targets Fortunately, some of them have. All data is from VizieR, except for a paper by van de Kamp (thanks to Andreas Güth for translating it from German) Please note: All lists are fragmentary

Planet Searches list California Planet Search (Doppler) –Lick-Carnegie –UC-NASA Eta Earth Geneva Planet Search (Doppler) –CORALIE –ELODIE –HARPS Okayama/HIDES (Doppler) Walker (Doppler) Van de Kamp (Astrometry) OGLE-I (Microlensing) CoRoT (Transit) UNSW (Transit) PISCES (Transit) WASP0 (Transit) EXPLORE (Transit) EPOCh (Transit) HATnet (Transit) TReS (Transit) Exoplanet.eu knowns list Exoplanet.eu retracted list

The map of planet searches

Summing it all up: Planet Searches

The map of planet searches

Where are we (not) looking? Remember: These are only what is published.

Works Cited

The list of planet searches California Planet Search (CPS) (Doppler) –Marcy, Butler, Fischer, Vogt –881 probable targets from Nidever et al –Also run UC-NASA Eta Earth project, looking at the 230 nearest GKM stars Geneva Planet Search (Doppler) –Mayor, Queloz, Udry –CORALIE, ELODIE, HARPS –451 targets from HARPS (Sousa et al. 2008) Okayama/HIDES (Doppler) –57 targets from their first round (Takeda et al. 2005), nothing since. Gordon Walker (Doppler) –Unsuccessful search of 21 stars despite looking at Eps Eri –All but four targets are on the CPS list (Nidever et al. 2002)

The list of planet searches van de Kamp (Astrometry) – s? Unsuccessful planetary search –6 stars from van de Kamp (1983) –All but Stein 2051A are on the CPS list OGLE (Microlensing) – OGLE-I run –177 stars from Udalski et al. (2005) catalog –OGLE is looking between us and the SMC and LMC

The list of planet searches CoRoT (Transits) –Some overlap with Geneva Planet Search –Only publishes confirmed planetary transits –Data is 816 stars “within one of the exoplanet fields” selected for radial velocity follow-up (Loillet et al. 2008) UNSW (Transits) –University of New South Wales (Australia) –Data on 850 ‘astrophysically interesting variable stars’ (including planets) from their program. (Christiansen et al. 2008) PISCES (Transits) –Planets In Stellar Clusters Extensive Survey –102 stars from Mochejska et al. (2005) WASP (Transits) –75 stars from the WASP0 prototype (Kane et a. 2005, catalog)

The list of planet searches EXPLORE (Transits) –Promises a discussion of results from their first search (EXPLORE I) where they searched 37,000 stars –Accompanying catalog is the exoplanet.eu list as of 18 July 2003 EPOCh (Transits) –Follow-up of already known transiting planets using the Deep Impact spacecraft HATnet (Transits) –Harvard-Smithsonian CFA, and overlap with CPS –Only publishes discoveries TReS (Transits) –Completely missed this one.

The list of planet searches To round out the list I include: –The known planets list as of 27 March 2009 (344 stars) Includes all systems from programs that only publish planet results 8 planets have no coordinates for the parent star and were removed. –The retracted planets list, from 27 March 2009 (57 stars) 2 planets have no coordinates for the parent star and were removed.