2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2pt 3 pt 4pt 5 pt 1pt 2pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4pt 5 pt 1pt Definitions States of Matter Heating Curve What is the difference Equations

Define temperature

The measure of average kinetic energy

Absolute zero

The temperature at which all matter stops moving -273 o C or 0 K

Sublimation

The movement of matter from the solid phase to the gaseous phase without going through the liquid phase

Solidification or crystalization

When matter changes from a liquid to a solid

Condensation

When matter changes from a gas to a liquid

Describe a solid in terms of its shape and volume

A solid has a fixed shape and volume this is because the forces between the molecules are very strong MOLECULES ARE VERY CLOSE TOGETHER

Describe a liquid in terms of its shape and volume

A liquid has an undefined shape (shape of its container) but a fixed volume. This is because the particles are far enough apart to flow but forces between the molecules keep them stuck together

Describe a gas in terms of its shape and volume

A gas has both and undefined shape and volume (takes the shape and volume of the container) This is because gas molecule are far apart and have little forces between them and can be compressed

Going from a solid→liquid→gas is an Process

This is an endothermic process because energy must enter to make the molecules move faster and farther apart

Going from a gas→liquid→solid is a Process

This is an Exothermic process because the molecule are moving slower and “sticking” to each other

Heat → Temperature ° C A B C D E What is happening in terms of State of matter, Kinetic energy, and potential Energy) at A

It is a solid Kinetic energy is increasing and potential energy is staying the same

Heat → Temperature ° C A B C D E What is happening in terms of State of matter, Kinetic energy, and potential Energy) at B

It is a solid and a liquid Kinetic energy is staying the same and potential energy is increasing A phase change is occurring

Heat → Temperature ° C A B C D E What is happening in terms of State of matter, Kinetic energy, and potential Energy) at C

It is a Liquid Kinetic energy is increasing and potential energy is staying the same

Heat → Temperature ° C A B C D E What is happening in terms of State of matter, Kinetic energy, and potential Energy) at D

It is a liquid and a gas Kinetic energy is staying the same and potential energy is increasing A phase change is occurring

Heat → Temperature ° C A B C D E What is happening in terms of State of matter, Kinetic energy, and potential Energy) at E

It is a gas Kinetic energy is increasing and potential energy is staying the same

Freezing point and melting point

Freezing point and melting point happen at the same temperature but freezing is going from liquid to a solid and melting is going from a solid to a liquid

Evaporation and Vaporization

They are both going from a liquid phase to a gaseous phase but vaporization happens at the boiling point and from the molecules within the substance (EX: pot on a stove) and evaporation happens below the boiling point at the surface of the liquid (EX: puddle outside)

Kinetic and Potential Energy

These are both forms of energy. Kinetic energy is energy in motion while Potential energy is stored energy

Endothermic and exothermic

Both refer to forms of heat energy. Endothermic energy is entering Exothermic energy is energy that is exiting

Heat and temperature

Heat is a form of internal energy which can be transferred from one particle to the next. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the random motion of its particles.

When a substance is changing phases

Q = m∆H How much heat energy will it take to melt 10.0 g of aluminum if its heat of fusion is 94 cal/g

When a substance is not changing phases but getting hotter

q= m ∆T c p How much heat in joules is needed to warm 25.0 grams of water from 10.0 o C to 20.0 o C?

When I have a temperature in o C and I want o F

o F = 1.8 o C + 32 Convert 50 o C to o F

When I want to go from K to o C

K = o C Therefore o C = K Convert 298 K to o C

When I have a temperature in o F and I want K

There is no direct equations first you must use O C = ( O F -32) 1.8 Then K = o C Convert 68 o F to K

What is the name of the device used to measure the heat given off by the burning of a substance?

Calorimeter

What is the Kinetic theory of matter?

All particles of matter are in constant random motion

What happens to Kinetic and Potential energy in a cooling curve?

They decrease Kinetic energy as substances cool and Potential energy as phase changes occur

1cal = Joules 1 Cal = cal = kcal

1cal = 4.18 Joules 1 Cal = 1000 cal = 1 kcal

What units do these come in? Heat (q) Mass (m) Temperature (T) Specific heat (c p ) ΔH=

Heat (q) calories or joules Mass (m) grams (g) Temperature (T) o C, o F, K Specific heat (c p ) cal or J g O C g O C ΔH= cal or J gg