Optical transport solutions LambdaDriver™ WDM Products line family Moshe Schnapp mschnapp@mrv.com

Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM) principle WDM is a method of transmitting data from different sources over the same fiber optic link at the same time whereby each data channel is carried on its own unique wavelength. Multiple wavelengths transmission over single fiber Input channels Output channels Ch#1 Ch#n λ1 - λn Mux DeMux

Why WDM? Transferring many services over single fiber allows customers: To save on fiber lease/buy costs. To upgrade networks with new services over existing fibers To outsource “dark” WDM channels instead of dark fiber To build networks with much larger throughput than with any other technology. WDM - TDM

LambdaDriver® family overview Modular chassis for up to 16 wavelengths per shelf DWDM (up to 64 wavelengths) or CWDM (up to 16 wavelengths) Distances up to 100Km without repetition over Single or Dual fiber. A distance longer than 100Km is reachable by use of Optical Amplifiers Supports for Point-to-Point, Linear ADM and Ring topologies Supports any data centric protocol up to 10Gbps Sub-rate TDM (2:1, 4:1 and 8:1) per wavelength Line/Path/Equipment Protection Single or Dual fiber operation CWDM/DWDM Budget LD400

LambdaDriver structure Management Mux 1550nm Transponder λ1 λ2 1310nm Transponder λ1 WDM trunk λ2 DeMux λ3 Transponder λ3 850nm Access channels at any wavelengths, selectable by SFP choice Fiber management tray Mux/DeMux principle

Typical Customer market Targeted for the Metro and Regional rings in carrier applications as well as Point to Point or Linear ADM Enterprise networks. Any solution can start with as low as 2 services and grow up to 64 with in-field upgrades. Ideally suited for storage (ESCON, FC1/2Gbps), IP (FE, GE) or SDH (OC3 – OC48) applications Smoothly upgrade to existing networks SDH upgrade

Unique Features and Benefits example The same platform supports both CWDM and DWDM technologies and even can support both in the same network LD1600 supports 16 CWDM channels that lowers the cost compared to alternative DWDM. Using Sub-Rate TDM modules for more efficient use of WDM channels Up to 16 OC48 channels transmission over MM fiber up to 2Km Single fiber bi-directional transmission option Using SFP transceivers provides high flexibility and maintenance inventory savings Bands MRV EXCLUSIVE!

Housing and Chassis

LambdaDriver® system configuration 1+1RED Management Mux/DeMux Power Supplies Transponders Mux/DeMux Transponders Management

LDP300 No power needed No additional configuration LDP300 is 1U/19” size and host the standard LD800 OADM modules Interfaces directly to colored GBIC’s or LD transponders

Slot for additional modules LD1600 – Slot allocation Transponder # Management RESERVED Slot for additional modules WDM-Multiplexer WDM-DeMultiplexer Power Supply 1 Power Supply 2 11,5 U

LD400 and LD800 - Slot allocation Transponder # DF-OADM4 Management 2 U LD800 Transponder # Management Slot for add. Mod. WDM-Multiplexer WDM-DeMultiplexer Power Supply 2 Power Supply 1 4,5 U

Transponders and Amplifiers

Transponder modules with SFP “ access” interface Converts the access(gray) wavelength to WDM specific wavelength(and vice versa). CWDM or DWDM versions of modules Hot swappable, independent modules SFP access interface for highest flexibility Rate transparent mode (2R): Open to any data rate. Performs 3R (reshape,retime,retransmit) function Remotely selectable data rate Loopback functionality Power Monitoring and SFP Digital diagnostics ALS - Automatic Laser Shutdown LIN – Link Integrity Notification F/O SFP 10/100/1000BaseTx SFP

TM2-SFP – SFP based Dual Transponder SFP receptacles on all ports for maximum interface flexibility 2 independent light path’s for higher port density Preserves complete functionality of regular transponders Allows different rate setting for each light path Provides Full H/W redundancy with one module F/O SFP TX1 TX1 Working path RX2 RX2 TX2 TX2 Protection path RX2 RX2 10/100/1000BaseTx SFP

DWDM Transponders for high dispersion links Regular SM fiber (G652) introduce 17-20ps/nm/km dispersion value that limits the 2.5Gbps transmission to about 90Km with regular transponders (TM –DSFP) Usual approach is using DCU’s. Using special DWDM transponders allows transmission to long distances (about 600Km) using Optical Amplifiers up to dispersion limits (up to 12,025 ps/nm) . Booster Pre OA MUX DeMUX TM-DSFP 200Km Site A Site B Dispersion

EDFA Optical Amplifier modules EDFA principle No OEO conversion. Can be used for Single channel or for DWDM applications Can be placed after MUX(post), before DeMUX(pre) or between sites (in line). Only C and L bands can be amplified Site A Site B Post OA Booster Line OA Pre OA MUX DeMUX

4 x ESCON Multiplexer module 4 ESCON ports are TDM multiplexed for maximum utilization of the available wavelengths. SFP uplink provides high flexibility and inventory savings Using CWDM SFP uplink saves the cost of the transponder Single slot size, fitting any LD chassis 4 x ESCON Ports 1Gbps uplink SFP socket 4 ESCON Ports 850/1310/CWDM wavelength Sub-rate MUX

2 x GE/FC Multiplexer module 2 x GE or 2 x FC 1Gbps ports are TDM multiplexed into 2.5Gbps uplink for maximum utilization of the available wavelengths. SFP ports provide high flexibility and inventory savings Using CWDM SFP uplink saves the cost of the transponder Single slot size, fitting any LD chassis 3 types: All ports SFP CWDM uplink port DWDM uplink port SFP WDM port Fixed WDM port 2 x GE/FC SFP ports 2.5Gbps uplink SFP socket Sub-rate MUX 850/1310/CWDM wavelength 2 GE/FC Ports

10Gbps Transponders XFP access interface for highest flexibility DWDM interface at ITU-T grid Long distance – up to 80Km 10GE or STM64 with FEC versions In field/In service upgrade of existing CWDM/DWDM networks

1GE +8xE1+RS232 TDM module SFP access interface for highest flexibility or fixed WDM port option Choice of 1 to 8 E1/T1 ports (with external cabling) E3/DS3 port option instead of 8 x E1’s.

Mux / DeMux modules Mux/DeMux modules are used for Multiplexing / Demultiplexing different wavelength to a trunk. The Mux/DeMux modules are used in a point-to-point connection or at a central PoP of a star or ring structure. There are different Mux/DeMux modules required for CWDM and DWDM.

10GE upgrade of CWDM network CWDM+DWDM Trunk CWDM+DWDM Trunk CWDM MUX CWDM MUX 1470nm 1470nm 1610nm One 10GE upgrade DWDM MUX 1550nm More than one 10GE upgrade 10GE Transponder 10GE Transponder 10GE Transponder 10GE Transponder 10GE Transponder 10GE Transponder 10GE Transponder

OADM Terminology Common Channel 0.6 dB loss Express Channel When building a Ring or Linear ADM topology only part of the wavelengths need to be dropped/added at every node. OADM’s – “pass through” without substantial attenuation all the channels that are not dropped.

Add/drop Multiplexer (OADM) Modules Dual OADM interface Single OADM interface Add 1 Drop 2 Common In Common Out Express Out Express In Drop 1 Add 2 Add 1 Add 2 Drop 1 Drop 2 OUT IN ADD/DROP ports WDM trunk ports 1 to 4 channels standard (other – per request) Any combination of channels Applications

WDM Management

Management Module Runs the management tasks and interfaces external managers by means of SNMP, Telnet or CLI. Web based management option with MegaVision™ Provides configuration and link fault monitoring OSC (Optical Service Channel) allows management of the remote unit using separate wavelength.

System Management Full support for all MRV products Discover and monitor any vendor’s TCP/IP or SNMP device Remotely accessible from anywhere, via standard Internet Web Browser

Optical Service Module Provides remote connectivity for NMS. Management port uses 1300nm wavelength (FE) Management Data is added to “Colored” Data and sent on the WDM trunk.

Optical Supervisory Channel Management station LAN No LAN at this location Mux Transponder Management 1310nm 1310nm Management Transponder WDM Transponder SRV Mux SRV Supervisory channel addition Transponder

Using SRV module for other applications STM x n Management 1310nm Multiplexed Signals Transponder WDM Transponder SRV Fiber Mux Supervisory channel addition Transponder

WDM Redundancy concepts

1+1 Protection Module Provides automatic optical protection for the WDM link. Mostly implemented in point-to-point (P-t-P) and linear ADM network topologies, when placed between the Mux/DeMux and the WDM link. In ring topologies it can be placed between transponder and OADM’s, providing path (wavelength) protection. 1+1 redundancy can be ordered with OSC (Optical Supervisory Channel) on the same module. Provides WDM signal splitting on the transmit side and protection switchover on the receiver side within less than 25ms.

Path and Link Protection

Link backup with the 1+1 Protection Module MUX Primary link Secondary link DeMUX Optical switch Power splitter

Only Fiber (Link) protection with 1+1 module per channel One transponder and one 1+1 module per service connected to dual fiber ring for O-BPSR protection. The switching is done by 1+1 module in less than 25ms No H/W redundancy (except OADM) WEST OADM GE λ5 λ1 – λ8 1+1 redundancy module Transponder Dual Fiber Ring EAST OADM λ1 – λ8 LD800 λ5

Full HW and Fiber (Link) Protection including customer’s ports 2 transponders with the same or different WDM wavelength connected to dual fiber ring for O-BPSR protection. Two ports are allocated for customer’s equipment, providing redundancy for the ports of the customer’s equipment. The switching is done at the terminal equipment. WEST OADM STM16 λ5 λ1 – λ8 Transponder Dual Fiber Ring EAST OADM Transponder STM16 λ1 – λ8 λ5 LD800

Full HW and Fiber (link) protection (one customer Interface) 2 transponders with the same or different WDM wavelength connected to dual fiber ring for O-BPSR protection. One port is provided by the customer’s equipment. The signal splitting is done by Y-cable. The switching is done by the LD hardware in less than 15ms. WEST OADM Working module λ1 – λ8 λ5 Y-cable Transponder Dual Fiber Ring Y-cable Redundant module EAST OADM Transponder λ5 λ1 – λ8 LD800

P-t-P topology; only the Fiber (link) is Protected (redundant)

P-t-P; a fully redundant topology

P-t-P; Redundancy with a Y cable

Ring – Fiber only redundancy

Ring – Fiber (Link) redundancy (BO-2)

Ring – Fiber (Link) redundancy (BO-3)

WDM Typical applications and case studies

PtP with redundancy

Ring topology LD1600 Single/Dual Fiber Ring LD800 LD400

Star – Multiple Point-to-Point

LDP300 - Passive distribution at the concentration middle point 4 X ESCON Switch with colored GBIC GE LD400 GE LD400 GE TDM aggregation TDM aggregation LDP300 LD800 GE GE GE 4 X ESCON

32 DWDM channels configuration using two LD1600 When 32 channels needed at the initial stage and a 64 channels upgrad is planned – it is recommended to use 32 channel Mux/DeMux module with a band splitter When 32 channels needed only in the future – it is recommended to start with 16 channels “Blue” Mux/DeMux module with band splitter and add the 16 channels “Red” Mux/DeMux module at the upgrade stage 16 “Red” channels 16 “Blue” 32 channels Mux/DeMux 32 wavelengths DWDM trunk

Case Study – SAB Germany Fully redundant Point to Point link 4 x FC GE WDM link LD800 The customer – SAB, a bank needed fully redundant DWDM connection between two branches for Fibre Channel and Gigabit Ethernet services. Two parallel links were proposed. In case of fiber or hardware failure, the Brocade switch (FC) or the router (GE) would perform the link switchover. LD800 price/performance and MRV’s strong local support advantages convinced the main contractor (Siemens) to chose the LD800 as a preferred solution.

Case Study End-users Starting Position: MRV‘s / Ascom‘s Solution: Multiple Pairs of Dark Fibers Rented from Swisscom Distance Ile A/B to Lancy approx 10km 4 x FC 1Gig, upgradable to 2Gig 2 x GigE MRV‘s / Ascom‘s Solution: LD800 Chassis, 2 x PS Management Module 1+1 Module CWDM Mux and DeMux modules 6 x CWDM Transponder Modules

Case Study – Orange Romania The customer – Orange Romania, a GSM carrier, needed a flexible solution with fiber protection and low initial cost, but with good upgrade path for gradual expansion of the network. The first step was connecting two sites with 1+1 fiber redundancy providing FC and GbE services. At the second stage a third site was added with different services allocations. Modules re-location and configuration changes were possible due to the modular structure of LD800, saving equipment cost. LD800 price/performance and flexibility for in field configuration changes were the reasons for main contractor IBM Romania to chose MRV solution.

Road map 4/8 x FE TDM module – Q1/2005 4/8 x STM1 – Q1/2005 10 x GE/FC into 10Gbps TDM – Q2/2005 4 x STM16 into 10Gbps TDM – Q2/2005 Tunable laser transponder – Q2/2005 Tunable OADM (ROADM) – Q3/2005

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IBM Total Storage certified and others to come

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Thin film Multiplexer/Demultiplexer Passive units which combine (Multiplex) number of incoming fibers into one fiber and splits (DeMultiplex) one fiber into number of outgoing fibers using wavelengths filters. Multi-wavelength signal λ1 Mux λ1 λ3 λ3 λ2 λ2 λ4 λ4 DeMux Back

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WDM versus TDM Function WDM SDH/SONET Scalability Just light on new wavelength Costly and inefficient upgrade Provisioning with fiber in place Within days Months Long distances transmission Optical Amplification Expensive Electrical Repeaters Protocol/Bit rate transparency Yes, only clock retiming option No, Protocol/frame processing Bandwidth limits Potentially unlimited – 2Tbps? 40Gbps? Back

WDM simplifies distance extensions and lowers upgrade costs TDM Transmission – 10Gbps OC48 80Km 80Km 80Km OC48 RPTR RPTR OC48 80Km 80Km 80Km OC48 RPTR RPTR OC48 80Km 80Km 80Km OC48 RPTR RPTR OC48 80Km 80Km 80Km OC48 RPTR RPTR DWDM Transmission – 10Gbps 80Km 80Km 80Km OA OA 4 x OC48 4 x OC48

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Optical Transmission Bands Short 1470-1530nm Conventional 1530-1570nm Long 1570-1610nm

DWDM versus CWDM ITU Grid Standard(G692) Frequency (THz) Wavelength(nm) 196.1 (ch#61) 1528.77 196.0 (ch#60) 1529.55 195.9 (ch#59) 1530.33 192.0 (ch#58) 1561.42 191.9 (ch#57) 1562.23 191.8 (ch#56) 1563.05 191.7 (ch#55) 1563.86

DWDM versus CWDM Parameter DWDM CWDM Inter channel spacing As low as 0.2nm 20nm Number of channels More than 160 Up to 16 Optical Amplification Yes Very expensive and complicated Technological complexity High Medium Price per channel (two sides) ~20K$ ~12K$ Market Long haul, Metro Metro, Access, Large enterprise

Maximum distance with Gbps protocols # channels CWDM DWDM without EDFA DWDM with EDFA 4 27db/108km 29db/116km 35db/140km 8 25db/100km 33.5/134km 16 21db/84km* 23db/92km 31/124km *requires special fiber Back

Dispersion Transmitted data can be thought of as pulses of light. When there is a pulse - “1”, when there is no pulse - “0”. Fiber is the transmission medium. When light travels down the fiber, the pulses spread out (similar to a freeway where cars in the fast lane travel faster than cars in the slow lane). This causes problems when trying to determine if a “1” or a “0” is being received in a given data slot. When dispersion limit is stated in a spec sheet, it usually gives a distance (km) or a pulse spreading unit (ps/nm) that limits the distance. Associated with this number is a 1 or 2 dB power penalty (hit on link budget). 1 0 1 1 ? 1

Dispersion calculations Dispersion is measured in ps/nm/km, meaning that for every km of fiber traveled through, a pulse with a 1 nm spread of wavelengths will disperse by 1 ps for a dispersion of 1 ps/nm/km Typical dispersion parameters of fibers : SMF – 17 to 19 ps/nm/km NZ-DSF – 2 to 6 ps/nm/km DSF – 0 to 1 ps/nm/km DFB lasers have about 0.2 nm range of wavelengths. Therefore with a 1 ps/nm/km chromatic dispersion, a 10-Gbit/s pulse with a 0.2nm spectral width will have spread by a whole bit period (100 ps) after 500 km of fiber and will then be completely indistinguishable. With the same lasers 2.5Gbps pulses will be indistinguishable after 100Km with regular SMF!

Dispersion Compensation Dispersion compensation is used to reshape the pulses (equivalent to changing the speed limits on the highway such that the fast lane travels slow while the slow lane catches up) Dispersion Compensation Unit (DSU) – A fiber of opposite dispersion that compensates dispersion effects of regular transmission fiber Compensation is available in 1U boxes from fiber vendors, in increments from 10-80km. Optical Amplifiers are needed to compensate DCU’s attenuation. Lambda Driver transponders have the option of using laser with narrow wavelengths spread allowing distances of up to 640Km with 2.5Gbps rate without the need for DCU

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Upgrading SONET/SDH 3 options for upgrading SONET ring: Replace equipment, like OC48 to OC192 Install a new ring on new or existing dark fiber Install one or more new rings by deploying WDM over existing fiber. May be the most important application in the near term!

Migration steps from SONET/SDH to WDM Direct interfacing With edge equipment 1 3 2 Exchanging SONET ADM’s with OADM’s

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Migration from CWDM to DWDM CWDM+DWDM Trunk 20nm spacing CWDM MUX 1470nm 1490nm 1510nm 1530nm 1550nm 1570nm 1590nm 1610nm 1470nm 1610nm 1550nm 8 DWDM channels insertion into one CWDM filter 0.8nm spacing DWDM MUX DWDM channels 1547.72nm 1548.51nm 1549.32nm 1550.12nm 1550.92nm 1551.72nm 1552.52nm 1553.33nm back

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Lambda Driver delivers Full Spectrum CWDM transmission 1270 1290 1310 1330 1350 1370 1390 1410 1430 1450 1470 1490 1510 1530 1550 1570 1590 1610 O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 S1 S2 S3 C1 C2 L1 L2 L3 NEW SPECTRUM Using fibers without the water peak provides more service capacity by utilizing the E zone while Preserving All SMF Capabilities: Identical splicing Identical dispersion Identical 1310 and 1550nm reach Identical nonlinear behaviors . ITU-T G694.2 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 Wavelength (nm) 1650 wavelength (nm) E U 0.3 0.6 0.9 Loss (dB/km) O L C S SMF (water peak exists) Dispersion (ps/nm.km) SMF/AllWave® fiber (same dispersion) AllWave® fiber (water peak removed) 1.2 -10 10 20 Back

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Dual Interface OADM operation DF OADM-1 DF OADM-1 #7 #7 All channes Pass besides ch #7 #7 #7 All channes Pass besides ch #7 Trans- ponder #7 Trans- ponder #7 End-gerät 1 End user 2

Dual Fiber OADM with 4 channels #1 #1 All channels besides #1 - #4 #4 #4 DF OADM-4 DF OADM-4 #1 #1 All channels besides #1 - #4 #4 #4 Left1 Left 2 Left 3 Left 4 Right1 Right 2 Right 3 Right 4

Single Interface OADM Back SF OADM-1 SF OADM-1 #7 All channes Pass besides ch #7 #7 SF OADM-1 #7 All channes Pass besides ch #7 #7 Trans- ponder #7 Trans- ponder #7 Back End user 1 End user 2

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Full HW protection, including customer ports – terminal based protection 2 transponders with the same or different WDM wavelength connected to dual fiber ring for O-UPSR protection. Two ports are provided to terminal equipment, providing terminal based redundancy. The switching is done at the terminal equipment. λ1 – λ8 Transponder λ5 EAST OADM WEST STM16 LD800 Dual Fiber Ring

Full HW protection with one customer port – transport based protection 2 transponders with the same or different WDM wavelength connected to dual fiber ring for O-UPSR protection. One port is provided by customer equipment. The signal splitting is done by Y-cable. The switching is done by the LD hardware in less than 15ms. λ1 – λ8 Transponder λ5 EAST OADM WEST Y-cable LD800 Dual Fiber Ring Working module Redundant module

Full HW protection with one customer port and one module (TM2-SFP) 2 transponders ON THE SAME MODULE with the same or different WDM wavelength connected to dual fiber ring for O-UPSR protection. One port is provided by customer equipment. The signal splitting is done by Y-cable. The switching is done by the LD hardware in less than 15ms. WEST OADM λ1 – λ8 λ5 Dual Transponder Working path Y-cable Dual Fiber Ring Y-cable EAST OADM Redundant path λ5 λ1 – λ8 LD800

Fiber only protection with 1+1 module per channel One transponder and one 1+1 module per service connected to dual fiber ring for O-UPSR protection. The switching is done by 1+1 module in less than 25ms No H/W redundancy (except OADM) WEST OADM λ1 – λ8 λ5 1+1 redundancy module GE Transponder Dual Fiber Ring λ5 EAST OADM λ1 – λ8 LD800

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EDFA Principle EDFA - Erbium-doped fiber amplifier

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