OD Defined OD is an effort… Planned Organization-wide Managed from the top, in order To increase organizational effectiveness, through Planned interventions.

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Presentation transcript:

OD Defined OD is an effort… Planned Organization-wide Managed from the top, in order To increase organizational effectiveness, through Planned interventions in organizational processes, using behavioral-science knowledge

Forces For Change Workforce Competition World Politics Technology Social Trends Economic Shocks

Attitude Toward Change Desirable Accept change as inevitable Proactive Not Desirable Feel threatened by change Reactive

Managing Planned Change First-OrderChangeFirst-OrderChange IncrementalIncremental LinearLinear ContinuousContinuous Second-OrderChangeSecond-OrderChange MultilevelMultilevel RadicalRadical DiscontinuousDiscontinuous

What Can Change Agents Change? Physical Setting Structure People Technology

However……. Structure Physical Setting Technology People

Resistance to Change Selective Information Processing Fear of the Unknown Force of Habit Need for Security Economic Factors Individual

Resistance to Change Organizational Threat to Existing Relationships Threat to Existing Allocations Structural Inertia Limited Focus of Change Threat to Expertise Group Inertia

Education and Communication CommunicationParticipationParticipation NegotiationNegotiationFacilitation and Support Facilitation CoercionCoercionManipulation and Cooptation Manipulation Overcoming Resistance to Change Overcoming

Unfreezing Changing Refreezing Lewin’s Three-Step Process Organizational Change

Unfreezing the Status Quo Desired State Status Quo Restraining Forces Driving Forces Time

Action Research Process One:DiagnosisOne:Diagnosis Two:AnalysisTwo:Analysis Three:FeedbackThree:Feedback Four:ActionFour:Action Five:EvaluationFive:Evaluation

Five OD Interventions Intergroup development Process consultation Sensitivity training Survey feedback Team building

Managing Change: It’s Culture Bound! Is change possible? How long will it take? Does culture influence resistance? Does culture influence implementation? Does culture influence idea champions?

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