Medical Terminology The Skeletal System

Bones ___________and give ________________to the body. This framework helps protect __________________ and furnishes attachment points for ___________, _________________ and ___________. Bones also store minerals and contain ______________________bone marrow.

Bone is a specialized form of ___________________tissue containing about _____% solid matter and ______% water.

Bone consists of a hard outer shell called ___________ bone and an inner spongy structure called ________________ or ____________________ bone

The bone surfaces are covered by a tough fibrous vascular membrane called the _____________________.

The _________bones grow in length at the ‘___________________’. This is what the ends of the developing bones is called.

Diaphysis (shaft) Medullary cavity epiphysis

Bones are classified according to their shape. _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

The skeleton is divided into two main parts: ________________: includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum. ________________: including the limbs

The skull includes two major segments: ______________: (brain case) and the __________________. All skull bones are ____________except the ________________. The skull bones are united by ______________. Within the bones of the skull are hollows called _______________. The function of the sinuses include, lessening the _________________, providing chambers for __________________and moistening and _______________air.

Facial bone

Vertebrae Vertebral Anatomy The horse has 37 vertebrae: * Cervical (neck)- 7 * Thoracic (chest) - 18 * Lumbar (lower back) - 6 (except in Arabs - 5) * Sacral (pelvis) - 5 (fused) The dog has 31 vertebrae: * Cervical (neck)- 7 * Thoracic (chest) - 13 * Lumbar (lower back) - 7 * Sacral (pelvis) - 3 (fused) The cat has 31 vertebrae: * Cervical (neck)- 7 * Thoracic (chest) - 13 * Lumbar (lower back) - 7 * Sacral (pelvis) - 3 (fused)

Cervicle vertebrae

C-1 and C-2 are called the _________ and the ___________. The words atlas (holding up the world) and axis (what the world spins on) come from Greek mythology. There can be an instability in this area in large dogs that will cause neurologic problems. The cervical vertebrae are quite flexible, for obvious reasons.

As the cervical vertebrae become the _____________ vertebrae they go past the shoulder (S). The nerves that come off this cervical- thoracic junction at the shoulder are called the __________________(you cannot see nerves on a plain radiograph). They innervate the front legs on each side. Each of the thoracic vertebrae corresponds to a __________ (R) on each side of the chest

As we continue down the thoracic vertebrae you can visualize how high their dorsal ____________ ________________are. Also notice how these processes start to get smaller as we get closer to the ______________vertebrae

Moving towards the end of the thoracic vertebrae we come to what is termed the ______________________(T-L) junction. It is a very common area to have VSC disease. As we pass into the _________________ vertebrae we have now made our way into the lower back.

The 7 _______________ vertebrae eventually lead into the _________________ vertebrae (S). The ____________ sacral vertebrae are hard to visualize because they are within the ___________________. After the sacrum we are at the ________.

ribs

Forelimbs Front legs

_______________: (collarbone) In the feline: a small flat bone attached to the ____________ In the canine: a _________ bone that is not attached to any other bone and may be __________ in some dogs.

Scapula (shoulder blade)

______________ the long bone extending from the ___________to the ___________. The _______________ articulates with the _____________ and the radius/ulna

humerus

___________ /_________ ________: the __________ bone that articulates with the ___________at the olecranon. _____________ : the __________bone that articulates with the ______________ and _________at the elbow.

______________ Is composed of 7 – 8 ____________ shaped bones in two rows. This joint is called the __________ in humans

Carpus

Metacarpus

Equine skeleton

Equine forelimb

Pelvis illeum ichium pubis

Femur femur

Knee Joint

Tibia/Fibula tibia fibula

Tarsus

Metatarsus

A _________is an _____________ between bones, or between bones and cartilage. They are classified by the degree of _____________they permit.

____________________: allow no movement (Fibrous tissue)

_______________________ allow slight movement. (Cartilaginous tissue)

_________________ freely permit movement. (Synovial joints) _____________________

Joint capsule

_____________________: lines the joint capsule and secretes _______________ fluid.

____________________: the space between opposing surfaces of _______________.

Articular cartilage and disks

_________________: sacs of connective tissue lined with synovial membrane filled with synovial fluid