Porovnávacia štúdia o rodičovských zručnostiach potrebných na rozvoj emocionálnej inteligencie Prezentuje Marcela Maslová First Transnational Working Group,

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Porovnávacia štúdia o rodičovských zručnostiach potrebných na rozvoj emocionálnej inteligencie Prezentuje Marcela Maslová First Transnational Working Group, Bratislava, September 19 – 20, 2013

 Identifikovať a zhodnotiť rodičovské zručnosti potrebné na rozvoj emocionálnej inteligencie ich detí  Analyzovať tréningové potreby rodičov, ktorí chcú u svojich detí rozvíjať emocionálnu inteligenciu  Pochopiť špecifickú charakteristiku rodičov na základe miestnych tradícií a rozličných kultúr 2

 Kvantitatívny výskum  Založený na dotazníkovej metóde – respondenti vyplnili dotazníky metódou pero a papier  Kvalitatívny výskum  Pozostával z rozhovorov v troch fokusových skupinách po 10 rodičov (spolu 150 rodičov v 15 skupinách)  Jeden z expertov hral rolu mediátora, zatiaľ čo druhý analyzoval údaje z fokusových skupín 3

PartnerMužiŽenyCelkom Ro81422 PL31518 DK61218 SK31720 ES91120 Total

5  Už ste sa niekedy zúčastnili tréningu pre rodičov?  Rumunsko a Poľsko – všetci odpovedali záporne  Španielsko a Slovensko - 2 osoby  1 v Španielsku– Skupina rodičov v škole, psychológ v MŠ a v "Centros de Aoyo a la Familia" (Centre podpory rodiny),  1 na Slovensku – Montessori pedagogika (Rešpektovať a byť rešpektovaný), rodičovské zručnosti (Monika Stelíková).  Dánsko – všetci odpovedali kladne (tréning/poradenstvo podľa dánskeho systému opísaného v dokumente Moderné Dánsko – návštevy a účasť v skupinách matiek a otcov).

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 Rozdiely medzi skupinami – príklad 8

 Rozdiely medzi skupinami - príklad 9

 Rozdiely medzoi skupinami – príklad 10

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 Rozdiely medzi skupinami 14

 Rozdiely medzi skupinami 15

 Rozdiely medzi skupinami 16

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 Rozdiely medzi skupinami 18

 Rozdiely medzi skupinami 19

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 Preferencie a názory respondentov z partnerských krajín sú veľmi odlišné, avšak :  Viac ako 60% respondentov hodnotí rodičovské zručnosti vysoko (4,5)  Najvyššie ohodnotenie získali také kompetencie, ako sú dobrá komunikácia s dieťaťom a zodpovednosť  Len malé percento respondentov verí, že také zručnosti, ako je aktívne počúvanie alebo trpezlivosť nie sú dôležité vo výchove detí  Zručnosť, ktorú treba podľa respondentov najviac rozvíjať, je schopnosť rozpoznávať emócie dieťaťa (75% hodnotilo 4 a 5)  Asi 12% respondentov si myslí, že nepotrebujú rozvíjať také kompetencie, ako sú empatia a učenie od rovesníkov s cieľom zvládať rodičovské úlohy  70% respondentov uprednostňuje tradičné formy učenia (napr. knihy) a menej ako 50% respondentov by bolo ochotných zúčastniť sa e-learningu  Väčšina respondentov si myslí, že rodičovským zručnostiam je možné naučiť sa na tréningu a približne 50% z nich sa vyjadrilo, že by sa ho chceli zúčastniť 21

 15 group meetings  Each meeting included 10 people  150 mothers and fathers took part in the interviews. Romania:  Most of the parents of children aged 0-3 and 3-6 belong to the group age (5 of the parents of children aged 3-6 belong to the group age 35-45). All parents of children aged 7-9 belong to the group age % of parents are university graduates, while the rest (32%) are high school graduates. 84% of the parents participating in the focus groups were -mothers. 81% of the parents are currently employed, while the rest (19%) are unemployed. The professional areas include: banking, teaching, sales, management, health (nursing), and engineering, support staff; 13% of the parents experienced divorce and are raising their children in shared custody with their ex spouses. 35% of the parents come from vulnerable communities (low income and/or unemployment in the family resulting in poverty; Roma parents; health difficulties). 12 parents have children aged parents have children aged parents have children aged % of the parents have only 1 child; 45% of the parents have 2 children; 10% of the parents have 3 children; Poland:  Most -participants have employment; they are well educated (higher education); the number of children: from 1 to 3. The majority of parents work in kindergartens and nurseries. Denmark:  There were 18 females and 10 males. There were 16 persons between 20 and 30, 10 persons were between 30 and 40, and 2 persons were over 40. There were 6 persons with only secondary education; the others were with education higher than secondary school. 3 were studying, 4 were unemployed and 21 were working (in different sectors). 16 persons (of these 6 couples) had one child, 12 persons (of these 4 couples) had 2 children. In total, the parents had 26 children: 16 of them between 3 and 6 years old and 10 of them between 0 and 3 years old. Slovakia:  The 3 focus groups were attended by 26 mothers and 4 fathers. The majority of mothers are on maternity leave (some are working), and fathers are working (2 are employed, two have their own business), of the age 25-40, from the capital Bratislava, Dolny Kubin (a town with the population of 20,000), and Chlebnice (a village with a population of 2,000). The education of parents is both university and secondary. The parents have two or three children, at the age from 6 months to 18. Two focus group interviews were held in kindergartens (Bratislava and Dolny Kubin), and one in a private house (Chlebnice). Spain:  Almost all parents had higher education degrees, the majority had a job and a minority were unemployed. 7 parents had children at the age between 0-3 years, 8 parents had children aged 4-6 years and the 7 remaining parents had children aged 7-9 years. The type of occupation varied from administrative to managerial level. All parents were years old. 22

Rumunsko  “Bola som si istá, že po pôrode budem vedieť, čo mám robiť s mojim dieťaťom, ale mýlila som sa. Čím je staršia, tým je to horšie. Často neviem, čo robiť, alebo čo jej mám povedať.” Poľsko  “Kľúčom dobrého rodičovstva je sebauvedomenie (self-awareness).” Dánsko  “Emócie sú základom v našej interakcii s dieťaťom. Je dôležité, aby matka/otec dokázali cítiť S DIEŤAŤOM – ale NIE AKO DIEŤA“  Slovensko “Nie, nikto neučí emocionálnu inteligenciu, môžeme sa jej venovať len intuitívne“ Španielsko Výsledky z fokusových skupín ukázali, že rodičia sa necítia pripravení učiť svoje deti emocionálnu inteligenciu: diskusie ukázali, že väčšina sa obáva, že nie sú schopní zvládať frustráciu a stres, reagujú unáhlene, nepočúvajú alebo nechápu dostatočne svoje dieťa, zatiaľ čo tlak a pocit viny voči dieťaťu sa nedá skryť. 23

 Väčšina rodičov nemá priamu skúsenosť s tréningami rodičovských zručností  Rodičia prejavili záujem o účasť na tréningu zameranom na učenie detí emocionálnej inteligencii  Niektorí rodičia hovorili o negatívnom dopade intenzívnych emócií a toho, že ich nevedia zvládať v osobnom aj pracovnom živote  Väčšina rodičov hovorila o zvládaní detského hnevu, frustrácie a strachu ako jednej z najťažších rodičovských úloh  Nasledovné zručnosti vybrali rodičia ako najdôležitejšie na zvládanie emócií:  Zvládanie (management)hnevu a strachu  Zvládanie (management) straty  Rozpoznanie a chápanie emócií dieťaťa  Empatia a komunikácia  Rozprávanie sa s profesionálnym pracovníkom by bolo ideálnym spôsobom zlepšenia rodičovských schém  Nedostatok času a finančných zdrojov by mohli povzbudiť rodičov využívať online zdroje na zlepšovanie rodičovských zručností 24