Bill Ringer Balance the follwing equation and pridict the type of reaction a. Ca + N2 --------> Ca3N2 b. Cu2S -------> Cu +S c. NaBr + F2 ------> NaF + Br2 d. CH4 + O2 -----> CO2 + H2O

And single replacement reactions Activity Series And single replacement reactions

Explore http://group.chem.iastate.edu/Greenbowe/ sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/redox/ho me.html Have students make a chart of both the metals and the solutions and have them write their observations in the chart. Can go on as long as you need it.

Review! In the equation CaCO3 + HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O Which side are the reactants on? How many reactants are there? How many products are there? Which elements are in the products that are not in the reactants? 1. Left 2. 2 3. 3 4. none, you use only the elements that are part of the reactants in the reaction

Review! What is an element? What is a compound? Consists of only one kind of atom, cannot be broken down further by chemical means What is a compound? Any substance made up of 2 or more different elements

Single Replacement Reactions Where a reactive lone element replaces another, but less reactive, element that is already in a compound A + BX  AX + B

Some examples (only copy one) 1. Fe + 2HCl  FeCl2 + H2 Iron (Fe) replaces the Hydrogen (H) 2. Zn + HCl  ZnCl2 + H2 Zinc (Zn) replaces the Hydrogen (H) 3. Fe + Cu(NO3)2   Fe(NO3)2 + Cu Iron (Fe) replaces the Copper (Cu)

Some examples 1. Fe + 2HCl  FeCl2 + H2 Iron (Fe) replaces the Hydrogen (H) 2. Zn + HCl  ZnCl2 + H2 Zinc (Zn) replaces the Hydrogen (H) 3. Fe + Cu(NO3)2   Fe(NO3)2 + Cu Iron (Fe) replaces the Copper (Cu)

Single Replacement Reactions So how do we know which element replaces what? Cu + AgNO3  ? This is where something called the activity series comes in Students do not need to write this

Activity series breakdown The ability of an element to react The easier it reacts, the higher the activity Activity Series A list of elements organized according to activities from highest to lowest

Highest Lowest Activity Series Chart Metals Non-Metals Lithium (Li) Fluorine (F) Potassium (K) Chlorine (Cl) Barium (Ba) Bromine (Br) Strontium (Sr) Iodine (I) Calcium (Ca) Sodium (Na) Magnesium (Mg) Aluminum (Al) Manganese (Mn) Zinc (Zn) Iron (Fe) Cadmium (Cd) Cobalt (Co) Nickel (Ni) Tin (Sn) Lead (Pb) Hydrogen (H) Copper (Cu) Silver (Ag) Mercury (Hg) Gold (Au) Highest Lowest

Activity Series The activity series mostly involves metals Most non-metals (Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, etc.) do not replace other elements The Halogen family are the only non-metals that will be involved in single replacement reactions. (and only a few of them at that) They can only replace other halogens

Let’s Practice Which element would replace the other if it were in a compound? 1. calcium, tin Calcium! 2. bromine, fluorine Fluorine! 3. aluminum, potassium Potassium! 4. zinc, sodium Sodium!

More Practice Which element would replace the other if it were in a compound? Also write out the names of the elements. 1. Fe or Cu Iron! 2. I or Cl Chlorine! 3. Ag or Pb Lead! 4. Hg or Co Cobalt!

Think about this Using the activity series for metals, explain why copper metal is used in plumbing where the water might contain compounds of many different metals. Write down your answer, we’ll talk about it in 2 minutes So why don’t we use anything that is less reactive than copper? Copper is low on the activity series, therefore it won’t react with many other elements. This causes the plumbing pipes to stay intact and not erode.

Reactions in your groups For the following reactions, do the following: A: Predict the products of the following reactions. If no reaction, write N.R. B: Balance the final equation We’ll do the first one together

Li(s) + Fe(NO3)3(aq)  __________ Au(s) + HCl(aq)  _____________ Al(s) + Cu(NO3)3(aq)  _________

Answers! Fe + 3LiNO3 No Reaction Cu + AlNO3 Probably shouldn’t be worrying about balancing equations right now since we haven’t taught it but change if you need to

Food for thought You may be wondering why Li, Au, Fe, Al, Cu etc. are in equations without subscripts or coefficients This is because metals can exist in a somewhat stable form by themselves. Things like H, Br, and Cl cannot which is why they are always H2 Br2 and Cl2

Independent Practice Work on the Activity Series practice sheet for the rest of the period. Please let me know if you have any questions

Extra Practice Here are some completed reactions. Using your knowledge of the activity series, indicate which side are the reactants and which side are the products. Use the “Yield” arrow to show this

Cu + ZnCl2 ___ Zn + CuCl2 I2 + NaCl ___ Cl2 + NaI Mg + HCl ___ MgCl2 + H2 Zn + H2SO4 ___ Zn SO4 + H2 2Ag + Cu(NO3)2 ___ Cu + 2AgNO3 2Li + 2H2O ___ 2LiOH + H2

Answers  

Exit Slip! Which one will replace the other in a reaction? 1. Lithium or Hydrogen? 2. Lead or Chlorine? Complete the following reaction: 3. Cl2(g) + KBr(aq)  _______ 1. Lithium 2. None! Metals and non-metals do not replace each other 3. Br2 + 2KCl