The Teleological Argument Aquinas, Paley ( ) The Argument: Two Ways To View It: First Way: Argument By Analogy 1. Aspects Of Natural World Are Like Machines 2. Machines Are Produced By Intelligent Design 3. Therefore, Aspects Of Natural World Are Produced By Intelligent Design (God)
Key Questions Regarding First Premise: Which Aspects Of Natural World Are Like Machines? Solar Systems? Organisms? In What Ways Are These Aspects Of Natural World Like Machines? Moving Parts? Regularity? Teleology!
The Focus On Functionality Biological Systems And Organisms Regularity Plus Teleology Internal Parts And Sub-Systems With Clear Purposes The Link Between Functionality And Intelligent Design Purposefulness Implies Intention
The Teleological Argument (cont.) Second Way: Inference To Best Explanation 1. World Contains Many Well-Crafted Machines With Functional Parts 2. Best Explanation For This Is An Intelligent Craftsman/Designer 3. Therefore, There Exists An Intelligent Craftsman/Designer (God) Garden Analogy
Objections And Replies Hume’s Criticisms (First Way) Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion: 1779 Take Analogy Seriously: Suggests Imperfect God(s) Darwinian Criticism (Second Way) Evolution Provides Alternative Explanation Apparent Design From Random Processes: “The Blind Watchmaker” Teleology Resurrected: “Fine Tuning” Arguments About The Universe