Periodic Properties of the Elements Chapter 5 Periodic Table / Elements John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College St. Peters, MO  2006, Prentice Hall, Inc. Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten

Periodic Properties of the Elements Video

Periodic Properties of the Elements Symbols of Elements Elements are symbolized by one or two letters.

Periodic Properties of the Elements Atomic Number All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons: The atomic number (Z)

Periodic Properties of the Elements Atomic Mass The mass of an atom in atomic mass units (amu) is the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom.

Periodic Properties of the Elements Periodic Table: A catalog of elements. Elements are arranged in order of atomic number.

Periodic Properties of the Elements

Periodic Properties of the Elements Periodicity When one looks at the chemical properties of elements, one notices a repeating pattern of reactivities.

Periodic Properties of the Elements Periodic Table The rows on the periodic chart are periods. Columns are groups. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.

Periodic Properties of the Elements Groups These five groups are known by their names.

Periodic Properties of the Elements Periodic Table Nonmetals are on the right side of the periodic table (with the exception of H).

Periodic Properties of the Elements Periodic Table Metalloids border the stair-step line (with the exception of Al and Po).

Periodic Properties of the Elements Periodic Table Metals are on the left side of the chart.

Periodic Properties of the Elements Periodic Table We fill orbitals in increasing order of energy. Different blocks on the periodic table, then correspond to different types of orbitals.

Periodic Properties of the Elements Development of Periodic Table Elements in the same group generally have similar chemical properties. Properties are not identical, however.

Periodic Properties of the Elements Development of Periodic Table Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer independently came to the same conclusion about how elements should be grouped.

Periodic Properties of the Elements Development of Periodic Table Mendeleev, for instance, predicted the discovery of germanium (which he called eka- silicon) as an element with an atomic weight between that of zinc and arsenic, but with chemical properties similar to those of silicon.

Periodic Properties of the Elements Ionization Energy Amount of energy required to remove an electron from the ground state of a gaseous atom or ion.

Periodic Properties of the Elements Trends in First Ionization Energies As one goes down a column, less energy is required to remove the first electron.

Periodic Properties of the Elements Trends in First Ionization Energies Generally, as one goes across a row, it gets harder to remove an electron.

Periodic Properties of the Elements Properties of Metal, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

Periodic Properties of the Elements Metals versus Nonmetals Differences between metals and nonmetals tend to revolve around these properties.

Periodic Properties of the Elements Metals versus Nonmetals Metals tend to form cations. Nonmetals tend to form anions.

Periodic Properties of the Elements Metals Tend to be lustrous, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity.

Periodic Properties of the Elements Metals Compounds formed between metals and nonmetals tend to be ionic.

Periodic Properties of the Elements Nonmetals Dull, brittle substances that are poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Periodic Properties of the Elements Nonmetals Substances containing only nonmetals are molecular compounds. Most nonmetal oxides are acidic.

Periodic Properties of the Elements Metalloids Have some characteristics of metals, some of nonmetals. For instance, silicon looks shiny, but is brittle and fairly poor conductor.