How to find where they originate…

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Presentation transcript:

How to find where they originate… Earthquakes: How to find where they originate…

Terminology: Epicenter vs. Focus Focus is the point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress (or plates shift) and causes an earthquake. Epicenter is the point on land, directly above the focus

Graph vs Gram Seismograph are instruments that measure and record motions of the ground, including seismic waves generated by earthquakes, nuclear explosions, and other seismic sources Seismogram is a graph output by a seismograph. It is a record of the ground motion at a measuring station as a function of time. How Seismograph Works

S waves vs P waves P waves S waves S wave P wave Animation (slinky) Primary Waves Named that because they leave the focus first Travel faster than S waves Compression Waves S waves Secondary Waves Named that because they leave the focus second Travel slower than P waves Transverse Waves S wave P wave Animation (slinky)

How do we locate earthquakes? Seismograph data (seismograms) will tell us distance from an earthquake epicenter We need 3 seismograph readings to find an epicenter

1400 km from Denver, 2600 km from Houston, 4000 km from Miami

How do we determine distance? Lag time between P wave and S wave tells us distance Fast Runners and Slow Runners...

How to read a Seismogram

Use lag time to figure out distance traveled

Try the activity: http://www.sciencecourseware.com/VirtualEarthquake/VQuakeExecute.html