Chapter 1 Review Living Things & Scientific Investigation

Science The study of the natural world and natural phenomena to improve our way of life. The study of the natural world and natural phenomena to improve our way of life.

Scientific Investigation Observation- is gathering data through using 5 senses. Observation- is gathering data through using 5 senses. Data – is the information gathered through observation and recording experimental results. Data – is the information gathered through observation and recording experimental results.

Inference Inference – is to use PRIOR knowledge to make a decision or propose a solution to a problem. Inference – is to use PRIOR knowledge to make a decision or propose a solution to a problem.

Variables Manipulated – is the independent variable that is changed on purpose to test the hypothesis. Manipulated – is the independent variable that is changed on purpose to test the hypothesis. Responding – is the dependent variable that changes based on the manipulative, it is measurable in comparison to the control. Responding – is the dependent variable that changes based on the manipulative, it is measurable in comparison to the control.

Control Control -The part of the experiment used for comparison that goes unchanged. Control -The part of the experiment used for comparison that goes unchanged.

Reproduction Sexual – two parents are needed to produce offspring. Sexual – two parents are needed to produce offspring. Asexual – one parent has both sex organs to produce offspring alone. Asexual – one parent has both sex organs to produce offspring alone.

Hypothesis 1. Is a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations. 1. Is a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations. 2. Educated guess! 2. Educated guess!

Cell Culture Groups of cells developed from one original cell. Groups of cells developed from one original cell.

Data Information gathered from an experiment. Information gathered from an experiment.

Evolve To change over time. To change over time.

Metric System Decimal system based on certain standards and scaled on the multiples of 10. Decimal system based on certain standards and scaled on the multiples of 10.

Homeostasis Process of keeping internal conditions fairly constant. Process of keeping internal conditions fairly constant.

Cell fractionation Technique that separates different cell parts Technique that separates different cell parts

Microscope A device that produces images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye. A device that produces images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye.

Biology The science that seeks to understand the living world. The science that seeks to understand the living world.

Theory Well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations. Well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations.

Spontaneous Generation Spontaneous Generation Theory was disproved by Redi’s “Flies produce Maggots,” experiment with the meat in the jars.. Spontaneous Generation Theory was disproved by Redi’s “Flies produce Maggots,” experiment with the meat in the jars..

Cell A collection of living matter enclosed in an barrier (membrane) that separates it from its surroundings. A collection of living matter enclosed in an barrier (membrane) that separates it from its surroundings.

Metabolism The chemical change in an organism. The chemical flow rate inside of an organism that builds up or breaks down materials. The chemical change in an organism. The chemical flow rate inside of an organism that builds up or breaks down materials.

Microscope Compound Light Microscope – has two lenses and a light. Compound Light Microscope – has two lenses and a light. Scanning Electron Microscope – passes electrons across a specimen and produces and image on a screen. Scanning Electron Microscope – passes electrons across a specimen and produces and image on a screen. Transmission Electron Microscope- passes electrons through the specimen send s the image to the screen. Transmission Electron Microscope- passes electrons through the specimen send s the image to the screen.

Living Things Molecules Molecules Organelles Organelles Cells Cells Tissues Tissues Organs Organs Organ Systems Organ Systems Organisms Organisms

Living Things Needs Macromolecules Macromolecules –Carbohydrates - Sugars –Lipids – fats and oils –Proteins – amino acid combinations –Nucleic Acids – deoxyribose sugars and ribose sugars with nucleotides

Living Things Use Energy – is heat released to do work. Energy – is heat released to do work. –Measured in calories. Water – to preserve, protects, and transport nutrients, minerals, and energy products. Water – to preserve, protects, and transport nutrients, minerals, and energy products. Senses – to react to the environment Senses – to react to the environment

Living Things Use Nutrients – to build and replace parts Nutrients – to build and replace parts Minerals – to restore, replace and preserve energy. Minerals – to restore, replace and preserve energy. Vitamins – small amounts provide balance nutrition Vitamins – small amounts provide balance nutrition