CONTROL OF MUSCLE MOVEMENT D. C. MIKULECKY DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY

SPINAL CORD DORSAL HORN GREY MATTER DORSAL VENTRAL SPINAL NERVE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION VENTRAL HORN WHITE MATTER LATERAL

SEGMENTAL STRUCTURE OF SPINAL NERVES DERMATOMES

THE THALAMUS IN SOMATIC SENSATION DORSAL COLUMN MEDULLA MEDIAL LEMNISCUS SENSORY NEOCORTEX DORSAL COLUMN NUCLEI

SOMATOTOPIC ORGANIZATION OF THE SENSORY CORTEX

GENERAL FEATURES OF THE MOTOR SYSTEM HIERARCHICAL ORGANIZATION VS PARALLEL ORGANIZATION

HIERARCHICAL ORGANIZATION MOTOR CORTEX CEREBELLUM AND BASAL GANGLIA BRAIN STEM SPINAL CORD SKELETAL MUSCLE

PARALLEL ORGANIZATION MOTOR CORTEX SKELETAL MUSCLE BRAIN STEM SPINAL CORD

THE MOTOR UNIT A SINGLE MOTOR NEURON AND ALL THE MUSCLES IT INNERVATES THE FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF THE MOTOR SYSTEM CORRESPONDS TO THE SENSORY UNIT/RECEPTIVE FIELD RELATIONSHIP SIZE OF MOTOR UNIT DETERMINES FINENESS OF MOTOR RESPOSE

SOMATOTOPIC ORGANIZATION OF THE MOTOR CORTEX

CORTICAL AREAS INVOVED IN MOTOR CONTROL

THE MOTOR RESPONSE SYSTEM: SPINAL LEVEL THE ORGANIZATION OF MOTOR NERVES IN THE SPINAL COLUMN THE ROLE OF INTERNEURONS THE ROLE OF LOCOMOTOR GENERATORS

THE ORGANIZATION OF MOTOR NERVES IN THE SPINAL COLUMN DORSAL AREA OF VENTRAL HORN: FLEXOR MOVEMENTS VENTRAL AREA OF VENTRAL HORN: EXTENSOR MOVEMENTS DORSOLATERAL AREA OF VENTRAL HORN: INNERVATE EXTREMITIES VENTROMEDIAL REGION: AXIAL MUSCLES TO MAINTAIN POSTURE

LOCATION OF CELL BODIES FOR EXTENSORS AND FLEXORS FLEXORS EXTENSORS

THE ROLE OF INTERNEURONS LOCATED IN THE INTER MEDIATE ZONE OF THE SPINAL CORD LATERAL SIDE NEURONS SYNAPSE IPSILATERALLY (TO DISTAL LIMB MUSCLES) MIDLINE NEURONS SYNAPSE BOTH SIDES (MUSCLES FOR POSTURE) ALPHA MOTOR NEURONS:EXCITE SYNERGISTIC AND INHIBIT ANTAGONISTIC

THE ROLE OF LOCOMOTOR GENERATORS RHYTHMIC ACTION OF ALTERANATING FLEXION AND EXTENSION INVOVED IN WALKING MOVEMENTS (CHICKEN WITH ITS HEAD CUT OFF) SPINAL TRANSECTED ANIMALS CAN WALK ON TREADMILL UNDER CONTROL OF LOCOMOTOR COMMAND CENTER IN THE BRAIN STEM

SENSORY FIBERS IN THE MUSCLE THE MUSCLE SPINDLE AS LENGTH DETECTOR GOGLI TENDON ORGANS: TENSION RECEPTORS

THE MUSCLE SPINDLE AS LENGTH DETECTOR(SENSORY FIBERS) TYPE Ia NERVE FIBERS: TRANSMIT INFORMATION ABOUT LENGTH AND VELOCITY TO THE CNS TYPE II NERVE FIBERS:TRANSMIT INFORMATION ABOUT MUSCLE LENGTH TO CNS

TWO TYPES OF INTRAFUSAL FIBERS NUCLEAR CHAIN FIBER NUCLEAR BAG FIBER TYPE II SENSORY FIBER TYPE IA SENSORY FIBER

TWO TYPES OF MOTOR NEURON ALPHA MOTOR NEURON: INNERVATES EXTRAFUSAL FIBER GAMMA MOTOR NEURON: INNERVATES INTRAFUSAL FIBERS

STRETCHING AN INTRAFUSAL FIBER SENDS SIGNALS TO CNS

THE ROLE OF GAMMA MOTOR NEURONS IN REGULATING MUSCLE SPINDLE RESPONSE RECORD STIMULATE Afferent Activity Muscle Force

THE ROLE OF GAMMA MOTOR NEURONS IN REGULATING MUSCLE SPINDLE RESPONSE RECORD STIMULATE Afferent Activity Muscle Force STIMULATE

GOGLI TENDON ORGANS: TENSION RECEPTORS IN SERIES WITH EXTRAFUSAL FIBERS TRANSMITS INFORMATION ABOUT FORCE OR TENSION TO CNS FREQUENCCY CODING

SPINAL REFLEXES THE STRETCH REFLEX THE INVERSE MYOTACTIC REFLEX THE FLEXOR WITHDRAWAL REFLEX

THE STRETCH REFLEX (KNEE JERK REFLEX) TAP PATELLAR TENDON BELOW KNEE SENSORY SIGNALS FROM MUSCLE SPINDLE INDICATE FLEXION OF LEG FLEXOR IS INHIBITED EXTENSOR ACTIVATED LEG EXTENDS

KNEE JERK REFLEX SPINAL CORD SENSORY NEURON FROM MUSCLE SPINDLE DETECTS STRETCH FLEXOR INHIBITED EXTENSOR ACTIVATED

INVERSE MYOTACTIC REFLEX ARM EXTENDS WEIGHT RELEASED BICEPS & SYNERGYSTIC MUSCLE RELAXEDEXTENSOR CONTRACTED

THE FLEXOR WITHDRAWAL REFLEX PAINFUL STIMULUS DETECTED IPSILATERAL EXTENSORS INHIBITED IPSILATERAL EXTENSORS EXCITED LIMB IS WITHDRAWN IF INVOLVING ONE FOOT WHILE STANDING, CONTRALATERAL SIDE EXTENSORS ACTIVATED AND FLEXORS INHIBITED TO SUPPORT GREATER WEIGHT

FLEXOR WITHDRAWAL REFLEX STEPON TACK SENSORY SIGNAL TO SPINE VIA INTERNEURONS IPSILATERAL EXTENSORS INHIBITED IPSILATERAL FLEXORS CONTRACT-LEG LIFTS CONTRALATERAL EXTENSORS CONTRACT CONTRALATERAL FLEXORS INHIBITED- MAINTAIN BALANCE AND SUPPORT WEIGHT