Digital Pong Maisee BrownChris AndrewsHoang NguyenOmar Alattar

 A machine that allows two players to play the game of pong  One player begins the game by triggering the IR sensor adjacent to a row on the LED matrix which causes a “ball” of light to launch towards the opposite side  The opposing player triggers the IR sensor corresponding to the same row to nullify the “attack” then responds by launching his own ball  If a player is unable to “block” an oncoming ball, the other player receives a point  As the game goes on, it increases in difficulty by increasing the ball speed more and more, requiring quicker reaction times from both players  The game ends when one player’s score reaches 9

 Two players communicate with the device by triggering one of the three IR sensors situated at their respective end of the board  Two 7-segment displays on the front of the board display the current score, the one on the right for player 1 and the one on the left for player 2.  The 5 x 16 LED matrix on the top is the game play interface; it displays the “ball” and scoring and game messages

 Fulfill project requirements  Simple  Feasible in terms of knowledge  Feasible in terms of time  Interesting  Exciting  Captivating  Easy to use, intuitive  Adequately demonstrate our team’s skill at engineering  The objective of our project was a working prototype

 There are many pong games out there, some played on the computer, some played on a gaming specific console.  Alternatives to our design  We considered using accelerometer  Considered using a wireless push button controller  Considered using buttons on the device itself  Finally decide on using IR sensors because they had a wireless element but were still practical. Chris will talk more about our IR sensor choice

Need Motivation Objectives Alternatives

 Wanted something cool  With lights  And wireless  And a game  And exciting  And captivating

 The objective of the project was a working prototype  The prototype would allow two players to play the game  The prototype had to be fun  Demonstrate skill at engineering  We feel that it succeeded in doing each of those things

Approach Design Implementation Testing

 Concurrently Worked on Software and Hardware  Built small prototypes at every step to verify each piece of the design  Ran software to insure we could interface each component the way we expected  Fully prototyped before sending layout

Player 2 Signal Interrupt Player 1 IR emitter Player 2 IR Detector Player 2 IR emitter Player 2 IR Detector Player 1 Signal Interrupt

 Provides novel and intuitive interface between player and Pong board  Provides a “wireless” feel without wireless interfacing

 Must have an interface between the player and machine that is without wires or buttons during play mode.  Must be playable indoors with respect to signal interference. Motivation for choosing IR technology : Provides novel and intuitive interface between player and Pong board Provides a “wireless” feel without wireless interfacing

Source: Fluorescent and halogen lights have a reduced spectrum emission at 950nm

Hoang Nguyen

ATMEGA32 INT0 INT1 IR SIGNALS OR GATE PC PA 0 1 2

Maisee Brown

 Use SPI interface clock serial data into shift register  Shift Register acts as a serial to parallel converter  Use decoder to select row to be on  Lights were the row is selected and there is a 0 from the shift register will be on  To scroll you just << the data word you are sending to the SPI and re-send

 Cannot light multiple columns at the same time  To write a message:  Combine multiple letters  Select each row very quickly  Appears to human eyes all lights are on  Load data1 into shift reg  Select row one  Load data 2 into shift reg  Select row two …

 Only flashes through the rows one at a time and shifts data words out to the shift registers

Chris Andrews

Requirements  Must be assembled using materials, skills, and tools available.  Should have an attractive physical case. Other considerations that guided housing design  Must provide mounting and shielding (physical and EM) for IR arrays.  Must hold LED matrix and 7 segment displays for easy viewing  Must have components accessible for inspection and rework

If you must use cables…  Connect components with headers and bus cables  Label and document all connections  Account for the physical space of the cable in the housing design Many bugs traced to cabling problems and last minute design changes traced to cabling problems.

Omar Alattar

 Modular testing  Shift register test  BCD to 7 segment test  Microcontroller test  Power system test  OR gate interrupt test  3-8 decoder test  IR function test  Incremental/concurrent testing  Integration testing  Criteria for knowing our project worked

Power Supply Test Micro-Controller Test 3-8 Decoder Test BCD-7 Segment Decoder Test Shift Register Test OR Gate Interrupt Test IR Test Integration Test 1

Setup:Solder capacitors 3 and 5(.01 uF), IC3 and 4 (74HCT4511D,652), and SV4 and 5 to the board. Plug two seven segment LED's into SV4 and SV5 Step ActionExpected Result Pass Fail N/A Comments 1 Plug AVR programmer into ISB header pins X 2 Open Pong_BCDTest X 3 Progam the board and watch both 7- segment displays Both 7 segments should run through the numbers 0-9 X Overall test Result: X BCD - 7 and 7 segment displays functional

Omar Chris Hoang Maisee

 Add light to show whose turn it is  Add buffer to IR circuit  Perhaps use capacitive buttons  Perhaps implement a real pong where the position of the paddle is controlled by IR sensors detecting the position of a player’s finger

 Make a project schedule!  Keep the project as simple as possible  Stay up-to-date  Technical experience  Experience with Eagle  Experience soldering  Experience wiring circuits  Greater microcontroller knowledge  Knowledge of how to design IR circuits