CHEM LAB Exam Tips 2.ppt.

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Presentation transcript:

CHEM LAB Exam Tips 2.ppt

SODIUM FUSION(LASSAIGNES) TEST THE ORGANIC COMPOUND TO BE TESTED IS FUSED WITH METALLIC SODIUM.IN THIS WAY SODIUM CYANIDE,SODIUM SULPHIDE AND/OR SODIUM HALIDES IS FORMED WHICH CAN BE READILY IDENTIFIED.

TEST FOR NITROGEN THE CYANIDE FORMED CAN BE DETECTED BY PRUSSIAN BLUE TEST. STEP 1: FESO4 + 6NACN=Na4[Fe(CN)6]+Na2SO4 STEP 2: 3Na4[Fe(CN)6] + 2Fe2(SO4)3=Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3(PRUSSIAN BLUE)+6Na2SO4

TEST FOR SULPHUR THIS IS TESTED AS SULPHIDE TEST 1: THE COMPOUND IS TREATED WITH DIL. ACETIC ACID AND THEN WITH LEAD ACETATE. A BLACK PRECEPATE OF LEAD ACETATE INDICATES THE PRESENCE OF SULPHUR TEST 2: THE COMPOPUND IS TREATED WITH DIL.SOLN. OF Na2[Fe(CN)5NO] A PURPLE COLOURED COMP. OF Na4[Fe(CN)5NOS] IS FORMED INDICATING THE PRESENCE OF SULPHUR.

TEST FOR HALOGENS COLOUR SOLUBILITY IN Aq. Ammonia HALOGEN WHITE COMPLETELY SOLUBLE Cl PALE YELLOW PARTIAL SOL. Br YELLOW IN SOLUBLE. I THE FUSION SOLN IS ACIDIFIED WITH DIL.HNO3 AND THEN EXCESS OF AgNO3 IS ADDED.

_OH (ALCOHOLIC) TEST 1::SODIUM TEST 2ROH+2Na=2RONa+H2(GAS) TEST 2:: ACETYL CHLORIDE TEST acetyl chloride reacts vigorously with primary and secondary alcohols with evolution of HCl. HCl +NH4OH =NH4Cl(WHITE FUMES)+ H2O

PHENOL GIVES VIOLET COLOUR WITH FeCl3 SOLN. FeCl3+6C6H5OH= [Fe(OC6H5)6]-3+3HCl

CARBONYL TEST FOR ALDEHYDES AND KETONES. 2,4-DINITROPHENYL HYDRAZINE-TEST -> FORMATION OF CRYSTALLINE PRECIPITATE WITH THE REAGENT INDICATES THE PRESENCE OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES.

SPECIFIC FOR ALDEHYDES SCHIFF’S TEST ->APPEARANCE OF PINK RED OR MAGENTA COLOR WITH REAGENT. TOLLEN’S TEST ->SILVER MIRROR WITH REAGENT(Ag+). FEHLING’S TEST ->RED PRECIPITATE OF Cu2O WITH ALDEHYDE GROUP.

CARBOXYLIC GROUP LITMUS TEST (BLUE TO RED). SODIUM BICARBONATE TEST(NaHCO3).CO2 MOVES OUT FROM NaHCO3. ESTER TEST: REACTS WITH ALCOHOL TO GIVE SWEET SMELLING COMPOUND(ESTER).

ALIPHATIC AMINO GROUP WITH HNO2 PRIMARY GROUP GIVES ALCOHOL WITH HNO2 SEC GIVES NITROSOAMINES YELLOW OILY LIQUID(R2N-NO). WITH HNO2 TERTIARY GROUP GIVES TRIALKYLAMMONIUM NITRITE (R3 N+ HONO-)

AROMATIC AMINES WITH HNO2 PRIMARY GIVES BENZENE DIAZONIUM CHLORIDES(PhN2+ Cl-). SECONDARY GROUP GIVES N-ALKYL-N-PHENYL NITROSOAMINE. TERTIARY GROUP GIVES P-NITROSOANILINE.

SPECIFIC FOR PRIMARY AMINE(ALI+ARO) UNPLEASANT ODOUR OF ISOCYNIDE(RNC) WITH CHLOROFORM+KOH.

NITRO GROUP THE PRESENCE OF NITRO GROUP CAN BE DETYECTED BY REDUCING THE COMPOUND WITH Sn/HCl AND THEN CONDUCTING CARBYL AMINE TEST.