HST 290: Fascism & Antifascism Searching for Sources Dr. Michael Seidman Ms. Sue Cody

How are your research skills? Do you like doing research? –Why or why not? –What confuses/frustrates you most about doing research? –What questions do you have about conducting research for this class? How would you rate your current research skills? –Strong/Satisfactory/Needs improvement/Poor

Which finding aids are most useful? For books? For scholarly articles? For articles written during the time studied? For other primary sources?

Finding Books Library Catalog –local & UNCP/FSU WorldCat –9,000 libraries Google Books Some article databases lead to books –Cited directly –Book reviews

Randall Online Catalog: Keyword v. Subject What’s the difference? What are some useful Subject Headings for the French Resistance? –Start with a keyword search, then look for subjects in the records retrieved. What are some headings for Nazi Resistance?

Keyword/Subject features Keyword –Finds words anywhere in record. –Look at records to see subject headings. –Search lots of terms, word variations Subject Headings –Controlled vocabulary –May not be “natural language” but may find more –Hierarchical arrangement helps narrow topic –Searches only the subject field

Suggested Subject Headings See the Research guide Check headings in records you find by keyword or other searches Use the LCSH database or print volumes. In the catalog, search by any segment of a heading – rotated display Same terms used in WorldCat

Searching Personal Names –Keyword searches Either order Try name variations, e.g., initials –Author/Subject Last name first Consistent use Example: Mussolini, Benito

Online Catalog—Special Features Subject links for related items Call numbers for related items (usually) Library of Congress outline – SuDoc arranges by agency Cover, summary, reviews Location maps Expanding search to UNCCLC Repeating search

Database Exploration Historical Abstracts Jstor Project Muse Search your topic

Secondary - Primary For Thursday: –Find a relevant secondary source (book or article) with a bibliography. –Review the bibliography to find a primary source. –Copy the page with the primary source citation. –Highlight citation, bring to class.

Questions? What will you do when you have questions?

Ask for help – it’s what we do!

HST 290: Fascism & Antifascism Searching for Sources Part 2: Locating Articles and Primary Sources Dr. Michael Seidman Ms. Sue Cody

Bibliographies as finding aids What did you find? How did you decide what was a primary source?

Search tips And, Or, Not –And narrows –Or adds synonyms/related –Not excludes (use carefully) Truncate for word variations –(fascis* = fascism, fascist, fascisists) Words anywhere or phrase? –“Spanish civil war”

Journal Holdings & Access Bibliographies will cite useful publications Follow the citation trail! Search your citation –Does the library have it? –What format or location? –What online access?

Working from a known citation Cabona, Maurizio. " Mussolini and the Jews." Telos 133 (2005): Lukacs, John. " Herbert Hoover meets Adolf Hitler." American Scholar 62, no. 2 (Spring 1993): Fischer, L. “Thirty months of war in Spain.” The Nation 148 (January 7, 1939): Perkins, Dexter. “Was Roosevelt Wrong?” Virginia Quarterly Review 30, no. 3 (January 1954): Landon, Alfred. M. Threat, fear and secrecy [what is fascism ?]. Vital Speeches of the Day v. 9 (September ) p

Primary Sources Dairies, journals, other writings of “players” Eyewitness/Observer accounts Memoirs, autobiographies (written later) Official documents –Laws, treaties, reports, orders, transcripts of proceedings, addresses, etc. Advertisements

Primary or Secondary? Scholarly analysis of British women writer’s views on fascism. The essays and novels used in the previous item. Letter from the US Ambassador to Italy to the US Secretary of State, dated 1926, reprinted in a volume of US diplomatic papers. Book compilation of Robert Capa’s photos of the Spanish Civil War. Book by a historian about Mussolini’s involvement with the Spanish Civil War.

Primary or Secondary? Collection of essays about Nazi propaganda. New York Times report on the Battle of Ebro River, dated 1938, from the New York Times Archive database.

Randall Online Catalog Standard Subheadings –Correspondence –Diaries –Personal narratives –Sources –Treaties –See guide for others

Randall Online Catalog Search specific persons or organizations –Lindbergh, Charles as author Look for items not tagged as primary source –Primary documents may be included in secondary sources –Eyewitness authors may not be tagged as sources.

WorldCat May find items at Randall that catalog search didn’t (records enhanced later) Finds items for ILL requests –Rare items not lent –Rare items may be reprinted & available Websites included – often w/ free access!

Use the Research Guides! Links to a variety of sources for your researching pleasure. Pre-1970s Popular Periodicals Primary Sources Guide Spanish Civil War Guide

Questions? What will you do when you have questions?

Ask for help! It is what we do!