Models for Digital Libraries CSC 9010 Digital Libraries - week 2 The 5S model is the work of Edward A. Fox and his students at Virginia Tech. These slides rely heavily on that work.

Week 2 goals Expand our understanding of concept maps Discuss reading of “As we may think” Expand and confirm understanding of the 5 S model Use the 5 S model to direct thinking about the design of a DL Pointer to digital library software instructions Begin plans for initial DL installation –What subject? –Form teams

“As we may think” An exercise – –A Focus question: What is Vannevar Bush’s vision of the future of knowledge management? –Provide random words or phrases that come to mind as you recall this article aka “the parking lot” – –In groups, make a concept map to address the focus question, incorporating as many of the ideas reflected in those words or phrases as you can. (Other concepts may be added.)

Specifically, memex Vannevar Bush’s vision –How far have we come? –What did you notice about this article -- style or content or background or anything else. –Did the article suggest anything you would not want to see happen? Image source: kelty.rice.edu/375/images/memex/camera.jpg

Some modern versions Gordon Bell and the Microsoft “My Life Bits” project Walden’s Path at Texas A & M

MyLifeBits Gordon Bell and Microsoft “Gordon Bell doesn't need to remember, but has no chance of forgetting. At the age of 71, he is recording as much of his life as modern technology will allow, storing it all on a vast database: a digital facsimile of a life lived. If he goes for a walk, a miniature camera that dangles from his neck snaps pictures every minute or so, immediately committing the scene to a memory built not of neurons but ones and noughts. If he wanders into a cafe, sensors note the change in light, the shift of temperature and squirrel the information away. Conversations are recorded and steps logged thanks to a GPS receiver carried with him.” This article is now a few years old. Look for an update on this project and report next class.

Related work Walden’s Path – –System used by itself or as a service within a digital library –Allows a user to make a path through a set of related resources and save the path for reuse at a later time. Used to allow a teacher to “blaze a trail” through a collection of materials to help students find their way from a starting point to a goal. Also for recording personal trips through a collection of material to be revisited.

Reviewing the 5 S model Last week –Looked at what a library is and introduced the 5S model Information resources, including digital libraries, are very complex systems. –The 5S model helps to capture the essence of the system and give special attention to specific areas –The model also allows developers of digital libraries to have a check list of areas to consider and develop well. –Let’s review the 5 S model

The 5S model Streams –The flow of information in various formats Structures –Organizational aspects of the DL Spaces –Views of components; real or abstract images Scenarios –Services and behaviors Societies –Communities and relationships among them

5S summary ModelPrimitives Formalisms Objectives StreamText; video, audio, software program Sequences, typesDescribes properties of the DL content, encoding and textual material or particular forms of multimedia data. StructureCollection, catalog; hypertext; document; metadata; organizational tools Graphs; nodes; links; labels; hierarchies Specifies organizational aspects of the DL content SpaceUser Interface; index; retrieval model Sets; operations; vector space; measure space; probability space Defines logical and presentational views of several DL components ScenariosService, event; condition; action Sequence diagrams; collaboration diagrams Details the behavior of DL services SocietiesCommunity; managers; actors; classes; relationships; attributes; operators Object-oriented modeling constructs; design patterns Defines managers responsible for running DL services; actors that use those services, and relationships among them Source:

Recall the application of the 5 S model to the Etana DL for archeology Text Video Audio *Site *Sub-partition *Container*Artifact*LocusRegion Taxonomies Temporal Artifact-specific Space model Structure model Metadata DrawingPhoto3D Stream model *Partition Society model Archaeologist General public Geographic space Service Manager Information Satisfaction Value added Repository building Scenario model Services Domain specific User interfaceMetric space Spatial Source: E. A. Fox

A ‘hands-on’ exercise Let’s look at a publically available digital library and construct a 5 S diagram to define its design. (This is an existing library; we are not deciding how we would construct it. We are trying to identify its design features. We may decide that we would have designed it differently.)

5S analysis template Society modelScenario model Space model Structure model Stream model

Fill in the template For the geocaching.com library, fill in the template. Work in groups again. We will compare the results

Getting ready for projects What are the interests? Let’s brainstorm about possible projects. Note – there are two stages –A basic digital library design and implementation. Everyone does this – in teams or alone –A project for most of the semester. This can be an extension of the initial DL or a new DL or some other digital library relevant project. Initial project plan is due the class after Labor Day. You can take a bit longer to decide on your big project.

Applying the model, informally Choose a subject area – then answer the questions Stream - what types of data? gif, jpg, avi? Structure - How are the elements organized? Is there a hierarchy? Are there multiple structures? Spaces - How will we index the items? How will we divide them into related groups Scenarios - what services will we provide? What information do we need to provide those services? Societies - who is the library intended to serve? Remember to include agents and other processes as well as users. This is the first deliverable for your first project.

Projects in our DL laboratory Mendel 289 is the center of activity for projects related to digital libraries and similar projects. Summary of the projects under way, which may present opportunities for class projects or for independent study NSDL, CITIDEL, CSTA, Ensemble, Distributed Expertise, Computing Ontology and its relationship to the libraries ….

Our systems Still under construction, but likely to be –Several linux machines, remotely accessible –Bare machines with just basic system –We will install apache and the rest of the web infrastructure, as well as the DL software. If you have a computer of your own and want to use it, –Fine, but you must be able to demonstrate it to the class at the end of the semester. I will need to be able to see what you are doing from time to time during the semester.

Summary - Week 2 Further developed our understanding of concept maps Explored the vision of Vannevar Bush Applied the 5S model to an existing Digital Library Began planning for the first DL project Learned about existing projects that may provide ideas for class or independent study projects.