vocabulary – cut out each definition, match to each word, glue into book, pg. 1 STAMP ACT SUGAR ACT BOSTON MASSACRE BOSTON TEA PARTY COMMON SENSE LEXINGTON CONCORD SARATOGA YORKTOWN GEORGE WASHINGTON GEORGE III WILLIAM HOWE MARQUIS de LAFAYETTE RATIFICATION LOYALISTS  to approve  pamphlet by Thomas Paine to encourage the colonists to declare independence from GB  tax on official documents to help raise money for GB  battle: “shot heard ‘round the world” that announced the Revolution  turning point in the Revolutionary War  colonists who fought on the side of the British  tax on sugar imports to raise money for GB  last battle of the American Revolution  commander of the Continental Army  scene of conflict between a few British soldiers and patriots  British general who drove Washington out of New York & into Pennsylvania  King of England during the Revolutionary War  action by colonists to show their anger over the tea tax  1 st shots of the American Revolution fired here  French noble who persuaded the French to help the patriots

map page #2 using maps on pages 129 & 133, label 10 battles of the American Revolution in the 13 colonies. include a key to show which color stands for British victories and which for patriot victories cut out and label one patriot soldier and one British redcoat, glue near the map

“We hold these __________ to be self-evident that _____________________________, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are _______, _____________, and the ___________________________________.” 2 Grievances against the King ideas about what government should be like signers of the Declaration “Declaration of Independence”  written by ________________________

battles pages write a short summary of the following 4 events, use your textbook for details draw a picture, in color, of each event 1. Lexington & Concord 2. Saratoga 3. French come to help 4. Yorktown

Constitutional Convention & the new nation is formed follow the power point on the lap top to complete the notes for these 2 pages. Use the foldable for the compromises & take notes & glue in on one page don’t forget to do the “rights” analysis after taking notes – somewhere in the blank space of this page in your book 2 nd page of this station starts with the “1 st president info”

Checks and Balances Constitutional Convention 12 states attended some or all of the meetings. Politicians in Rhode Island were opposed to a stronger government; they chose not to take part in the convention. James Madison kept a detailed account of the convention in his diary. Controversial plans Congress had to find a balance between the large and small states and northern and southern interests. The Virginia Plan: Gave more power to states Bicameral (2 house) legislature The number of representatives for each state would be based on population. Small states objected; came up with new plan. New Jersey Plan: Gave more power to national government Unicameral (1 house) legislature Each state would have an equal number of representatives.

Compromises at the Convention Compromises on slavery Southern states wanted to count all slaves for representation purposes but none for taxation. Northern states objected. Three-Fifths Compromise: all whites plus three-fifths of the slave population would be counted for both representation and taxation. Native Americans were not counted at all. In order to maintain unity between North and South, delegates agreed to a clause allowing the slave trade to continue for 20 years. Another clause, the fugitive slave clause, stated that a slave who fled to another state had to be returned to his or her original state.

Can the Constitution get ratified now that these compromises have been made? That depends on who you ask. Many were happy to have a plan for a strong federal government that could control the bigger, wealthy states. Others worried about their individual freedoms being ignored for the good of the whole. The addition of a Bill of Rights was a big step towards finding a middle ground.

The Anti-Federalists Anti-Federalists opposed ratification of the Constitution. They argued that although the Articles of Confederation needed to be improved, the proposed Constitution granted too much power to the national government. Some of the more famous Anti-Federalists included Patrick Henry, George Mason, George Clinton, and Thomas Paine. Other Anti- Federalists preferred to remain anonymous. Thomas Paine George Mason Patrick Henry

The Federalists The Federalist, was a series of eighty-five articles written and published between September 1787 and August The articles presented arguments in favor of the new Constitution. Although all of the articles are signed Publius, it was well known the main authors were Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. Hamilton wrote the first essay in response to a series of Anti-Federalist articles criticizing the Constitution. Most of these essays were published in The New York Packet and The Independent Journal.

The Anti-Federalists The primary argument of the Anti-Federalists was that the new government was too powerful and threatened the rights of the states and their citizens. While most of the Anti-Federalist essays were written anonymously, historians are confident they have identified several of these writers. George Clinton “Cato” Richard Henry Lee “Federal Farmer” Robert Yates “Brutus” and “Sydney” Mercy Otis Warren “Columbian Patriot”

Divisions The debate resulting from ratification of the Constitution split Americans between those who favored a strong central government and those who wanted power to reside with the states. Although President George Washington warned of political factions in his farewell address, the divisions that had begun in 1787 led to the formation of the first political parties in the United States: The Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party. President Washington also set the tradition to only serve 2 terms to prevent power being held too long by one leader.

The Result Both sides in the debate between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists won. The Federalists won when the Constitution was finally ratified and became the law of the land with the federal government as the central authority. The Ant-Federalists won because the Bill of Rights would guarantee the rights of citizens and it would be added in 1791, a few years after the Constitution was ratified. James Madison presents the Bill of Rights to Congress. While twelve amendments were originally proposed, only ten were sent to the states for ratification. They all passed.

The Legacy Read through the Bill of Rights in the text. List the 3 that are most important to you. Explain your reasons for choosing each one. *3 amendments, 3 explanations as to why is it your personal favorite. Write this in the space above or below your foldable.

“The New Nation is Formed” 2 nd page (need to use the text book) 1 st President: _______________________ -warned against __________________ -served ____ terms Alexander Hamilton ___________________ hint: he is involved in $ John Marshall ________________________ established courts as equal to the _______ and the __________ Marbury v Madison: summarize the case, explain its importance