Color modes are how Photoshop reproduces colors. These colors are found in a range of display colors, or gamut. Color gamuts come in different shapes, which indicates how many colors it can display. If a color is out of the gamut, it is beyond the space your monitor or printer can display. Types of Gamuts: L*a*b HSB RGB CMYK Bitmap Greyscale

L*a*b Model Based on one luminance (lightness) component and two chromatic components (from green to red, and blue to yellow). Largest number of colors available to the user and greatest precision with which to create them. Can create all the colors contained in all other color models. Use this model when working with photo CD images. HSB Model HSB (Hue, Saturation, Brightness) Hue is the color that is reflected from or transmitted through and object. Expressed as a degree between 0°and 360° Saturation is the strength or purity of the color. Measured by a percentage between 0% - 100% Brightness is the measurement of relative lightness or darkness of a color. Measured by a percentage between 0% - 100%

RGB Model Color modes within Photoshop are based on established models used in color reproduction. Most colors within the visible spectrum can be represented by mixing the colors Red, Blue, and Green (RGB) which are additive colors. Additive colors are used for video, lighting and computer monitors. When the values of Red, Green, and Blue are at Zero, the Color will be Black. When the values of Red, Green, and Blue are all 255, the result is White. Colors vary from monitor to monitor. Screen Colors - Do Not Print With!

CMYK Mode CMYK stands for Cyan, Magenta,Yellow, and Black, which are the colors of ink used for printing. Unlike RGB mode, CMYK is based on the idea that colors are partially absorbed when the ink hits the paper and partially reflected back to your eyes. CMYK colors are subtractive colors, which means the absence of cyan, magenta yellow, and black creates white. Lack of Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black creates White. When all colors are used, Black is made. Used in Four Color Process printing.

1) Open PS 4-1.psd 2) Click the Background Layer on the layers palette 3) Click the Color palette tab 4) Drag each color slider on the Color palette so it matches: 1) R: 84 2) G: 207 3) B: 227 5) Click the Paint Bucket Tool on the toolbox 6) Click the image with the Paint Bucket pointer 7) Drag the Paint Bucket state on the History palette onto the Delete current state button

1) Click the Background layer on the Layers palette 2) Click the Eyedropper Tool on the toolbox 3) Click one of the red pepper in the image with your eyedropper pointer, then set the foreground color to the color you selected 4) Click the paint bucket tool on the toolbox

In addition to RGB and CMYK mode, Photoshop provides two more specialized color modes, Bitmap and Grayscale. Bitmap mode uses black and white color values to represent image pixels, and is a good choice for images with subtle gradations, such as paintings or photographs. Grayscale mode uses 256 shades of gray, assigning a brightness value from 0 (black) to 255 (white) to each pixel. Grayscale

The Color Picker is a feature that lets you choose a color from the color spectrum from the color mode you are in. You can also numerically define a certain color if you know the color’s numeric number. There are a few ways to choose a color using the color picker. Drag the sliders along the vertical color bar. Click inside the color bar. Click inside the color field box. Enter in a value within a chosen text box.

1) Click the Set foreground color button on the toolbox, then verify that the H option button is selected in the Color Picker dialog box 2) Click the R option button 3) Click the bottom-right corner of the Color field (purple) 4) Click OK

The swatches palette is a visual display of certain chosen colors that you can pick from. You can add, and delete from the selection, create your own color lists, as well as name your own swatches.

1) Click the Swatches palette tab 2) Click the second swatch from the left in the first row (RGB Yellow) 3) Click the Paint Bucket tool on the toolbox 4) Click the image with the Paint Bucket tool

1) Click the Eyedropper Tool on the toolbox 2) Click one of the light yellow pepper 3) Click the empty area to the right of the last swatch in the bottom row of the swatches palette with the Paint Bucket tool 4) Type Light Yellow Pepper in the Name Text box 5) Click OK in the Color Swatch Name dialog box

Placing a border around an image is a great way to emphasize, and make that image pop. This process is called stroking the edges. The foreground color being the default color for the stroke/border. You can change the width, color, location, and blending mode using the stroke dialog box.

1) Click the Indicates layer visibility button on the Background layer on the Layers palette 2) Click the Default Foreground and Background Colors button 3) Click the Chili Peppers layer on the layers palette 4) Click the Lock transparent pixels button on the layers palette (small box with checkers) 5) Click Edit on the menu bar, then click Stroke to open the Stroke dialog box 6) Type 3 in the Width text box, click the Inside option button, then click OK 7) Click the Indicates layer visibility button on the Background layer on the layers palette (blank grey square)

A Gradient fill, or a gradient, is a blending of colors used to fill a selection. A gradient within Photoshop uses points on a slider, and each point represents a color, and the effect you receive depends on the beginning and ending of each point. Types of Gradients Linear RadialAngleReflectedDiamond

1) Verify that the Eyedropper Tool is selected 2) Click one of the purple flowers 3) Click the Switch Foreground and Background Colors button on the toolbox 4) Click the Light Yellow Pepper on the swatches palette with the eyedropper pointer 5) Click the Indicates layer visibility button on the Chili Peppers layer 6) Click the Background layer on the layers palette to make it active 7) Click the Paint Bucket Tool on the toolbox, then press and hold the mouse button until the list of tools appears 8) Click the Gradient tool on the toolbox, then click the Angle Gradient button on the options bar 9) Click the Click to open Gradient picker list arrow on the options bar, then click Foreground to Background

1) Click the Click to open Gradient picker list arrow to close the Gradient picker 2) Click and hold anywhere on the image, and drag the pointer elsewhere on the image and release 3) Click the Indicates layer visibility button on the Chili Pepper layer

1) Open PS 4-2.psd 2) Click Image on the menu bar, point to Mode, then click Gray Scale 3) Click Flatten in the warning box 4) Click Image on the menu bar, point to Mode then click RGB Color

Grayscale images can contain up to 256 shades of gray, with each pixel being assigned a value from 0(black) to 255(white). You can add color tinting to a black and white (grayscale) image to give it a certain affect, emphasizing the image in a different way than it previously was. This is done easily in Photoshop 1. Convert Image to Grayscale. 2. Decide what color mode you wish to work in, then convert back to that mode. 3. Use the Hue/Saturation sliders to adjust to your chosen color. 4. You can use the Brightness/Contrast, filters, and blending to do any touchups and fine tuning.

1) Click Image on the menu bar, point to Adjustments, then click hue/Saturation 2) Click the colorize check box 3) Drag the Hue Slider until the textbox displays 290 4) Drag the saturation slider until the textbox reads 40 5) Drag the Lightness slider until the textbox displays -15 6) Click OK

 Filters are commands within Photoshop that can significantly alter the appearance of an image. You can experiment with different filters to completely change the look and feel of an image.  Blending modes control how pixels are made either darker or lighter based on the underlying colors. There are three components to a blend › Base Color, which is the original color › Blend Color, which is the color that will be applied › Resulting Color, which is the finishing color  Balancing colors is a way to adjust how the overall color of the image appears

1) Click Image on the menu bar, point to Adjustments, then click Brightness/Contrast 2) Drag the Brightness slider until +15 appears 3) Drag the Contrast slider until +25 appears in the contrast text box 4) Click OK

1) Click Filter on the menu bar, point to Sharpen, then click Sharpen More 2) Click Edit on the menu bar, then click Fade Sharpen More 3) Drag the Opacity slider until 45 appears in the Opacity text box 4) Click the Mode list arrow, then click dissolve 5) Click OK

1) Switch to the Chili Shop image 2) Click Image on the menu bar, point to Adjustments, then click Color Balance 3) Drag the Cyan-Red slider until +70 appears in the first text box 4) Drag the Magenta-Green slider until -40 appears in the middle text box 5) Drag the Yellow-Blue slider until +35 appears in the last text box 6) You will notice a change in color 7) Click OK

One aspect of Photoshop is that if you don’t like the color of your image, there is always a way to change it. With Match Color, if you have an image that you really like the color range in, but you have another image that you need those same colors in, you can Match those colors to give your image the same color range. To make a color range change, you must use selections and layers to make your color choices. Basically, you have a target image and a source image. The source image contains the colors you with to add, you must select the colors from layer and selections within that image to match to the target image.

1) Click the Chili Peppers layer on the Layers palette, then zoom to the center of the image 2) Click the magic wand tool 3) Verify that Contiguous is selected on the options bar, then set its Tolerance settings to 160 4) Click on a yellow pepper using the magic wand pointer 5) Open PS 4-3.tif, change the tolerance on the magic wand tool to 40, then click the purple part of the cat’s nose with the magic wand tool 6) Select the Chili Pepper image, click Image on the menu bar, point to Adjustments, then click Match Color 7) Click the Source list arrow, then click PS 4-3.tif 8) Click OK

1) Open PS 4-7.psd 2) Move the objects to any location to achieve what ever look you want. 3) Use the eye dropper tool and sample the green from the top of the screwdriver 4) Switch foreground and background and sample the red from the tape measure 5) Use any gradient on the background layer 6) Save your work if possible

1) Open PS 4-8.psd 2) Apply any foreground and background color you wish 3) Add a new layer above the background layer and apply a gradient you have never used before. Look at the gradient options on the options bar. 4) Add your foreground and background colors to the swatches palette 5) Apply a sharpen filter to layer 1 and adjust the opacity to the filter. 6) Save your work if possible