paramecium paramecium

6 Kingdoms of Life Chapter 15 p.325-329

Back in the 18th century Still very debatable Linnaeus’ system 2 kingdoms Plants and animals Taxonomists then created 5 kingdom system We are using the 6 kingdom system Still very debatable

How are organisms placed into kingdoms? Cell type, ability to make food, number of cells Prokaryotes Eukaryotes No nucleus With a nucleus

All cells Whittaker’s 5 Kingdom system Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Uni-cellular Kingdom Protista Kingdom Monera All Bacteria Multi-cellular No cell wall Kingdom Animalia Cell wall Heterotrophic Kingdom Fungi Cellulose No cellulose Autotrophic (PS) Kingdom Plantae

All cells 6 Kingdom system Prokaryotes Kingdom Monera All Bacteria Eukaryotes Uni-cellular Kingdom Protista Kingdom Monera All Bacteria Multi-cellular No cell wall Kingdom Animalia Cell wall Heterotrophic Kingdom Fungi Cellulose No cellulose Archae- bacteria Eu- bacteria Autotrophic (PS) Kingdom Plantae

6 Kingdom system eukaryotes prokaryotes

Kingdom Monera Microscopic, unicellular Simple prokaryotic organisms Have a cell wall Heterotrophic or autotrophic Reproduce asexually Binary fission Lacks nucleus & membrane bound organelles Live nearly everywhere (Eg. E.coli) E.coli bacteria (Escherichia coli ) Found in humans Streptococci Makes yoghurt

Kingdom Monera Split into two Archaebacteria Eubacteria Once thought to be similar to eubacteria Maybe the first living cells Live in extremely harsh environments Oxygen-free environments Very salty environments Produce methane gas Live in hotsprings/volcanoes/artic Eubacteria True bacteria Bacteria that we see around us

A bloom of cyanobacteria -grows FAST! -may produce toxins -kill plants by blocking light A bloom of cyanobacteria Lake in New Zealand

Kingdom Protista (Protist = first cell) Most uni-cellular eukaryotic organisms Has nuclear membrane Heterotrophic or autotrophic or both Reproduces asexually and sexually Live in aquatic or moist habitats Any organism that isn’t a plant, animal or fungus Eg. Simple algae, protozoan Paramecium

Kingdom Fungi Most are multi-cellular eukaryotic organisms Heterotrophs (ie. grows on wood) Cell wall without cellulose (that’s why it’s soft) Reproduce sexually and asexually Most are terrestrial Eg. mushrooms, bread molds, mildew

Kingdom Plantae All are multi-cellular eukaryotic organisms Autotrophs (PS) Reproduce sexually and asexually Most are terrestrial Cell wall with cellulose = tough Eg. seaweed, mosses, ferns, conifers, flowering plants

Kingdom Animalia All are multi-cellular eukaryotic organisms Most reproduce sexually (Some asexually) Live in terrestrial and aquatic habitats Eg. Sponges, worms, lobsters, sea stars, humans

FYI (For your information) HUMANS   KINGDOM:  Animalia PHYLUM:  Chordata (SUBPHYLUM:  Vertebrata) (SUPERCLASS:  Gnathostomata) CLASS:  Mammalia ORDER:  Primata SUBORDER:  Haplorhini FAMILY:  Hominidae GENUS:  Homo SPECIES:  Homo sapiens

Review A new organism is discovered in the tropical rain forest in Brazil. Scientists note it is made of many cells, has a nucleus, a cell wall, and cannot make its own food. Which kingdom does this new organism belong in? KINGDOM FUNGI

Thinking Question Which kingdom would most likely be the oldest kingdom, meaning the kingdom that has been around for the longest period of time on earth? Give at least one reason why.