Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults

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Presentation transcript:

Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil

Seismic Examples Features Associated with Gas Seepage Gas Seepage From Faults Chimney and Fault Detection Charging of Reservoirs Through Faults Chimneys Above Hydrocarbon Filled Reservoirs

120 ms 120 ms 0.3 0.5 Timeslice Seabed Chimneys 1 km 3D Seismic Data, Danish North Sea

High Resolution Sparker, Danish North Sea

0.5 Carbonate Mounds 1.0 3D Seismic Section, Danish North Sea 1 km

700 ms Carbonate Mounds 0.7 1.0 Erosion 1.5 1 km 3D Seismic, Composite Display, Danish North Sea

700 ms Carbonate Mounds Erosion 1 km 3D Seismic, Timeslice, Danish North Sea

0.5 Carbonate Mounds 0.7 1.0 3D Seismic Section, Dansih North Sea 1 km

0.5 Depressions 0.8 1.0 3D Seismic Section, Danish North Sea 1 km

700 ms Depressions 1 km 3D Seismic, Timeslice, Danish North Sea

NIGERIA

3D Seismic, Nigeria

Mud Volcano Pockmarks 5 km 3D Seismic, Azimuth Map, Seabed, Nigeria

0.8 1.0 3D Seismic Section, Nigeria Amplitude Map 1 km

Mud Volcano Pockmarks 5 km 3D Seismic, Azimuth Map, Seabed, Nigeria

Mud Volcano 5 km 3D Seismic, Amplitude Map, Seabed, Nigeria

Mud Volcano 5 km 3D Seismic, Amplitude Map, Seabed, Nigeria

1.0 3D Seismic Section, Nigeria 1 km

3D Seismic, Amplitude Map, Sub Seabed 1 km

3D Seismic, Amplitude Map, Sub Seabed 1 km

Chimney Detection NN Standard 3D Seismic 3D, Detected Chimneys

Classification Chimney Cube Standard 3D Cube Seismic Attributes Neural Network Chimney Classification Chimney Cube 1 km

Fault Detection NN Standard 3D 3D, Detected Faults

3D, Timeslice, Detected Faults

Depression 0.5 Carbonate Mounds Chimney Chimney ? Diapir 1.0 Shallow Gas 1 km 3D Seismic Section, Sleipner

0.5 Carbonate Mounds Chimney ? 1.0 1 km 3D Seismic Section, Sleipner

Carbonate Mounds 1 km 3D Seismic, Amplitude Map, Sleipner

0.7 Chimneys Chimneys 1.0 Standard 3D Seismic, Sleipner 3D, Detected Chimneys 1 km

Shallow Gas? Eocene Reservoir 5 km Standard 3D 3D, Detected Chimneys 1 Shallow Gas? 1 2 Eocene Reservoir 3 5 km Standard 3D 3D, Detected Chimneys

250 ms 1000 ms Shallow Gas 2000 ms Chimneys 3000 ms Eocene Reservoir 5 km Jurassic Faults

Detected Chimneys above Mapped Base Cretaceous

Detected Chimneys above Mapped Base Cretaceous

Gas Chimney Model

1 2 Y 3 1 km X

1 2 Y 3 X 1 km

1 2 3 1 km 1 km

Gas Chimney Model

3D Section, Detected Chimneys Timeslice, Detected Chimneys 2000 ms 1 2 3 4 Oil Reservoir 3D Section, Detected Chimneys Timeslice, Detected Chimneys 2 km

3D Section, Detected Chimneys Timeslice, Detected Chimneys 520 ms 1 2 3 4 Oil Reservoir 3D Section, Detected Chimneys Timeslice, Detected Chimneys 2 km

3 4 3D Gulf of Mexico 1 km

3 4 3D Gulf of Mexico 1 km

3 4 3D Gulf of Mexico 1 km

3 4 3D Gulf of Mexico 1 km

3 4 3D Gulf of Mexico 1 km

3D Gulf of Mexico

3D Gulf of Mexico

3D Gulf of Mexico

3D Gulf of Mexico

3D Gulf of Mexico

1 km 3D Gulf of Mexico

1 km 3D Gulf of Mexico

3D Gulf of Mexico

3D Gulf of Mexico

1 km 3D Gulf of Mexico

1 km 3D Gulf of Mexico

3D Gulf of Mexico

3D Gulf of Mexico

1 km 3D Gulf of Mexico

3D Gulf of Mexico

Conclusions • Chimneys Tie in to Features Associated with Gas Seepage, Shallow Gas Accumulations, and Deeper Hydrocarbon Filled Reservoirs • Chimneys can Show Possible Hydrocarbon Pathways into Reservoirs • Chimneys are Observed to Tie in to Faults or Fractures

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