Chapter 24 Lecture One of Two Legends of Early Rome ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Legends of Early Rome Venus the mother of Aeneas, the ancestor of the Roman people But Mars also was a progenitor – Through Romulus and Remus – Presided over war, a constant companion of Rome ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

LEGENDS OF THE ROMAN MONARCHY Romulus and Remus ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Romulus and Remus Aeneas founds Lavinium (about 1200 BC) Iulus, his son, founds Alba Longa There follows a secession of kings – 450 Romulus and Remus found Rome (about 750 BC) Recounted up by the historian Livy (Ab Urbe Condita) ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Romulus and Remus King Proca – Sons: Numitor and Amulius Numitor, the heir, driven into exile by brother Amulius kills all Numitor’s sons and forces his daughter, Rhea Silvia, to become a Vestal virgin ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Romulus and Remus Rhea Silva gives birth to twins by Mars, she said She’s imprisoned and the boys thrown into the Tiber in a basket Ficus Ruminalis – Romular The she-wolf Faustulus ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Romulus and Remus Original myth or consciously modeled after Greek myths Has many Latin words in the story But like other abandoned heroes and twins in Greek and other earlier myths – Mother imprisoned like Danaë – Conflicts between brothers etc. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Fig Rumina ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Musei Capitolini, Rome; University of Wisconsin–Madison Photo Archive

Romulus and Remus Twins grow up hunting, as per usual Remus captured as a bandit and brought to Numitor The two unite and kill Amulius The two found different towns Later they quarrel and Romulus kills Remus – Hence the settlement is called “Rome” ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

LEGENDS OF THE ROMAN MONARCHY Rape of the Sabine Women ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Rape of the Sabine Women Women of nearby city of the Sabines kidnapped at a festival at Rome They are mollified by assurances that they will be treated as respectable wives Perhaps a reflection of historical reality of exchange of women? ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

LEGENDS OF THE ROMAN MONARCHY Titus Tatius, Tarpeia, the Death of Romulus ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Titus Tatius, Tarpeia, the Death of Romulus King of the Sabines, Titus Tatius, attacks Rome Rome nearly betrayed by Tarpeia – Later, the Tarpeian Rock The Sabine women stop the final battle Romulus “disappears” in a storm ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

LEGENDS OF THE ROMAN MONARCHY Becoming a God at Rome ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Becoming a God at Rome Apotheosis of Romulus sets pattern for the cult of Roman emperors later – So also do the myths of Hercules and the Dioscuri E.g., Caesar and Augustus, like other heroes, were descended from a god, Venus Became “divine” after a vote of the Senate ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Becoming a God at Rome Less power than an Olympian Before he died and was declared divine, his “cult” was to his genius – numen that dwelled in him Became more common and brazen after Caesar and Augustus – Not all were deified ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Fig Antoninus Pius ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Vatican Museums; Scala/Art Resource, New York

Becoming a God at Rome The imperial cult provided political stability and unity Refusal to participate was considered treasonous – Early Christians and some Jews opposed all aspects of it ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

LEGENDS OF THE ROMAN MONARCHY Horatii and the Curatii ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Horatii and the Curatii Rome founded in 753 B.C. Four Romano-Sabine kings Three Etruscan kings The combat between the three Horatii (Roman) and the three Curatii (Alba Longa) – The surviving Horatius kills his own sister for grieving the loss of her fiancé Curatius and is acquitted ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

PERSPECTIVE 24.1 David's Oath of the Horatii ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Oath of the Horatii ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Musée du Louvre, Paris; © Reunion des Musées Nationaux, France/Art Resource, New York

End ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.