Animals Sponges Cnidarians Worms

What is an Animal? Characteristics Made of Cells Heterotrophs (cannot make own food) Organized Structure a. Cells – Basic Unit of Life b. Tissues – Organized Cells c. Organs – Organized Tissues d. Organ Systems -Organ Teams

Animal Information Functions 1) Obtain Food 2) Obtain Oxygen 3) Movement 4) Reproduction a. Asexual (1 parent) b. Sexual (2 parents) Classification 1) Evolution – based on science information 2) 2 Levels a. Vertebrates (backbone) b. Invertebrates 3) System based on: a. Relationship to others b. Body Structure c. Development d. DNA

Animal Classification - Hypothesis Vertebrates Backbones Birds Reptiles Mammals Amphibians Fish Invertebrates No Backbones 97% of Animal Population Sponges Cnidarians Echinoderms Flatworms Roundworms

Worms Characteristics Invertebrates Long, narrow body No legs Bilateral symmetry (Head/Tail/organs) Nervous system Reproduction Sexual Asexual Classification Flatworms Free living - planarians Parasite – tapeworms, flukes Scavengers - planarians Roundworms Moist environments Tiny and abundant Segmented worms Linked sections closed circulatory system

Earthworms and the Environment 7 th Grade

Earthworms – Phylum Annelida Segmented worms (earthworm and leeches) Scientific Name: Lumbricus terrestris.

Earthworms – Important to Farmers Earthworms improve the soil in the following ways: They eat their way through the soil They mix the ingested material helping to improve soil Depositing soil in different places and mixing horizons. Improve drainage of heavy clay soils Introduces more air into the soil. When they die they further increase the amount of organic matter

Earthworm Anatomy

Earthworm - Vocabulary Muscular-Skeletal Setae - bristles on segments that help with movement Muscles – two sets, one (long/ thin) one (for width) Digestive System Nervous - Simple brain, Nerve cord Circulation - Blood, Blood vessels, Aortic arches – 5 simple hearts Respiration - No lungs, Oxygen exchange through its skin, Gives off carbon dioxide Skin must stay moist for survival Reproduction – Sexual, Hermaphroditic – Both Male and Female Parts Eggs fertilized by the sperm of another worm Batch of eggs laid at one time Excretion - Nephridin - lead to pores in skin for waste removal Symmetry - Bilateral symmetry Coloration - Brown, tan, etc.

Earthworm - Vocabulary Digestive System 1) Mouth – Gathers dirt with plant/animal matter 2) Esophagus – Moves food from mouth to crop 3) Crop - Stores the food 4) Gizzard - Grinds the food 5) Intestines - Move nutrients to the body 6) Anus - Food removal

Earthworm Anatomy

Earthworm Anatomy – Mouth Section

Earthworm – Internal Anatomy

Level 2 Earthworm Anatomy

Earthworm - Reproduction Hermaphroditic – Both Male and Female Parts Need two worms for fertilization

Earthworm – Circulatory System Earthworm Ciatory SystemEarthworm Ciatory System 1. Heart or Aortic Arches1. Heart or Aortic Arches 2. Do rs al Bl oo d Ve ss el 3. Ve nt ral Bl oo d Ve ss el Earthworm- digestive and nervous systems Earthworm- digestive and nervous systems 1 A nu s 2 I nte sti ne 3 C ere br al ga ngl ion 4 P ros to mi um 5 M out h 6 N erv e col lar 7 S eg me nta l ga ngl ion 8 P ha ryn x 9 E so pa gu s 10 Se gm ent al ner ve 11 Cr op 12 Giz zar d 13 Ve ntr al ner ve cor d 1 – Aortic arches (heart) 2 /3 – Blood Vessels

Earthworm – Digestive System 1 Anus 2 Intestine 3 Cerebral ganglion 4 Prostomium 5 Mouth 6 Nerve collar 7 Segmental ganglion 8 Pharynx 9 Esophagus 10 Segmental nerve 11 Crop 12 Gizzard 13 Nerve

Earthworm - Dissected