The Haitian Revolution September 26 th, 2014

The Haitian Revolution ( ) 1.Saint-Domingue (French colony) slave revolt 2.Only revolt = state formation 3.Most successful slave rebellion a)Slavery eliminated b)Republic of Haiti founded

Saint-Domingue 1.Society a)White colonists b)Free blacks (mixed race)- “Mulattoes” c)Slaves (10:1 ratio) i.High death rate ii.New slaves imported 2.Economy a)Wealthiest Caribbean colony b)Most profitable French possession i.60% of world’s coffee ii.40% of world's sugar

Partner Discussion What would the impact of consistent imports of slaves be on Saint- Domingue? New slaves are less submissive More African culture, less assimilation

Enlightenment / French Revolution Impact 1.Revolution a)White population: Revolution (independence) b)African population: Royalists / British 2.Groups switch allegiances a)France: multiple leaders b)Saint-Domingue: complex events 3.Toussaint L’Overture: Enlightenment style and tone in writing

The Revolution

Partner Discussion Why do you think “no one wants to talk about” the Haitian Revolution?

The Slave Revolt Begins: August 21, Free People of Color = Citizens a)French Revolutionary Government grants citizenship b)White Plantation owners refuse 2.Signal given at religious ceremony 3.Plantation Owners feared revolt/“prepared” 4.“It is Death.” 5.10 Days: White control isolated camps 6.3 Weeks: 100,000 Slaves Revolt 7.2 Months: 4,000 Whites dead, Over 300 plantations destroyed

Slaves control 1/3 of Island 2.France Response a)Grants rights to free men of color b)6,000 Troops 3.Countries shocked 4.France goal: stop revolt 1.France: war on Great Britain 2.British Allies a)Whites on island b)Spain 3.British/Spain supply rebels a)Food b)Ammo c)Arms d)Medicine e)Naval support f)Advisers 4.France commissioners free slaves

Touissant L’Overture 1.Self-educated slave 1.Fought for Spain 2.Switch to France (free slaves) 2.Army 1.Slaves with him 2.Discipline / no wholesale slaughter 3.Controlled island 1.Little power to France 2.Defend against Britain 3.Led invasion of Santo Domingo 4.Freed slaves in Napoleon sends force to restore slavery 5.L’Overture promised his freedom 1.Add troops to France 2.Tricked 3.Died in French prison

The End Napoleonic Rule Quiet Re-establish slavery 1802 Revolt The Revolt French loyalists upset British blockade Napoleon losing interest abroad The French Surrender Nov. 18, 1803: Battle of Vertières Jan. 1, 1804: Haitian Independence

Aftermath 1.Dessalines, new dictator a)Haiti: Free Republic b)Massacre remaining whites c)Expand military force (future over- militirization) 2.World Impact a)US Banned slaves from Haiti b)Owners concerned about revolts c)Increase slave rebellions in world d)US Supports refugees from Haiti e)Louisiana adds French speakers

Partner Discussion After hearing more about the Revolution, why do you think “no one wants to talk about” the Haitian Revolution?