President Fujimori of Peru is an example of what can happen when a government has nothing to limit its power.

There are many ways that governments are kept in “check” (limited) so they won’t have too much power.

Checks on Government Constitution Rule of Law Minorit y Rights Consent of the Governed Separation of Power

 Here’s how a constitution limits government: › Tells how laws are made › Sets rules for how the government functions › Lists the rights and responsibilities of citizens  Most countries have written constitutions A constitution is the rulebook for a country’s government.

When President Fujimori took control of Peru’s government, what did he do to Peru’s constitution?

Listing the _________ and the _______________ of citizens Listing the _________ and the _______________ of citizens Telling how ________ are made Telling how ________ are made Setting ________ for the government Setting ________ for the government Constitutions limit government by: laws rules responsibilities Quick Review! rights

 Here’s how the rule of law limits government: › The law applies to everyone › Even the president must follow the law › The government can’t take illegal actions Rule of law means that nobody is above the law.

The rule of law is stronger in some countries than it is in others – Worldwide Governance Indicators Strongest (90-100%) Strong (75-90%) Average (50-75%) Weak (25-50%) Weaker (10-25%) Weakest/None(0-10%) Check this out :

When President Fujimori took control of the government, did he follow the law?

The law applies to ____________ The law applies to ____________ The government cannot take actions that are _________ The government cannot take actions that are _________ Even the ___________ must follow the law Even the ___________ must follow the law The rule of law limits government because: everyone President Quick Review! illegal

 Here’s how separation of power limits government: › No branch has all the power › Each branch can “check” (limit) what the other branches do › Responsibilities are balanced among the branches Separation of power divides power among different branches of government.

Lots of countries around the world separate power into branches! Lots of countries around the world separate power into branches! Check this out : United States Hungary Pakistan Fiji EgyptMorocco Iceland Indonesi a Iran Greec e Chile Japan Jamaic a France Canada Mexico Panama AND MORE!

Which branch did President Fujimori get rid of when he took control of Peru’s government?

No branch has all the _______ No branch has all the _______ Responsibilities are ___________ among all the branches Responsibilities are ___________ among all the branches Each branch can “________” what the other branches do Each branch can “________” what the other branches do Separation of power limits government because: power check Quick Review! balanced

 Here’s how consent of the governed limits government: › Citizens have the right to vote › Citizens can use their vote to change how the government is run › By voting, citizens could even change the constitution Consent of the governed means that the citizens give their permission for the government to operate.

Election Posters from Around the World Citizens in many countries around the world have the right to vote. Citizens in many countries around the world have the right to vote. Check this out :

When President Fujimori took control of the government, did the majority of Peru’s citizens support him?

Citizens have the right to________ Citizens have the right to________ By voting, citizens could even change the ______________ By voting, citizens could even change the ______________ Citizens can use their vote to __________ how the government is run Citizens can use their vote to __________ how the government is run Consent of the governed limits government because: vote change Quick Review! Constitution

 Here’s how minority rights limit government: › Everyone’s rights are protected › Nobody is too unimportant to be treated equally under the law › Even unpopular groups must be treated fairly Minority rights give protection of the law to every group of people, no matter how small.

When President Fujimori took control of the government, was he looking out for the rights of all people (even suspected terrorists)?

Everyone’s rights are ___________ Everyone’s rights are ___________ Even ____________ groups must be treated fairly Even ____________ groups must be treated fairly Nobody is too _____________ to be treated equally under the law Nobody is too _____________ to be treated equally under the law Minority rights limit government because: protected unimportant Quick Review! unpopular

Let’s review!

The rulebook for a government is called… A constitution! Good Job!

Splitting a government into different branches is called… Separation of Power! Keep it up!

Protecting even small or unpopular groups of people is called… Minority Rights! You’re on a roll!

A country where citizens show their approval or disapproval by voting has… Consent of the Governed! Nice one!

A country where nobody is above the law has … Rule of Law! Way to go!

Discuss It: Which limits did President Fujimori have after he took control of the government? Constitution Rule of Law Separating Power Minority Rights Consent of the Governed

What do you think? Is it enough for a government to have only one limitation on its power?