CLAIM MANAGEMENT OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLES : TRACTORS A Presentation by by Ajay K. Jain Sukhnidhey Insurance Consultants Pvt. Ltd.

WHAT IS A TRACTOR ? A vehicle having a powerful gasoline or diesel motor and usually large, heavily treaded rear tyres, used especially for pulling farm implements or machinery. A truck having a cab and no body, used for pulling large vehicles such as vans or trailers. Something that pulls or draws.

TYPES OF TRACTORS Four-wheel Four-wheelFour-wheel Row-crop or high-wheel Row-crop or high-wheelRow-crop or high-wheelRow-crop or high-wheel Tricycle Tricycle Tricycle Crawler Crawler Crawler The acreage to be worked, type of crops grown, and the terrain all impose their requirements on tractor design. Accordingly, models vary in such details as power generated, weight, ground clearance, turning radius, and facilities for operating equipment. The acreage to be worked, type of crops grown, and the terrain all impose their requirements on tractor design. Accordingly, models vary in such details as power generated, weight, ground clearance, turning radius, and facilities for operating equipment.

MAJOR PARTS OF A TRACTOR FRONT AXLE AND SUSPENSION FRONT AXLE AND SUSPENSION COOLING SYSTEM COOLING SYSTEM STEERING ASSEMBLY STEERING ASSEMBLY BRAKE SYSTEM BRAKE SYSTEM ENGINE ENGINE CLUTCH CLUTCH TRANSMISSION TRANSMISSION DIFFERENTIAL AND REAR AXLE DIFFERENTIAL AND REAR AXLE CABIN OR STRUCTURE CABIN OR STRUCTURE

RATING OF TRACTORS Tractors are rated by the horsepower they deliver at the drawbar and at the belt. Tractors are rated by the horsepower they deliver at the drawbar and at the belt. On small models, the drawbar and belt horsepower may run as low as 10 (7.5 kW) On small models, the drawbar and belt horsepower may run as low as 10 (7.5 kW) On large models the drawbar horsepower runs as high as 132 (98 kW), while belt horsepower reaches about 144 (107 kW). On large models the drawbar horsepower runs as high as 132 (98 kW), while belt horsepower reaches about 144 (107 kW).

INDUSTRIAL V/S FARM TRACTORS The basic design of an industrial tractor for hauling and for operating construction equipment departs little from that of a farm tractor, and differences in design of models fit the vehicle to its intended work. The basic design of an industrial tractor for hauling and for operating construction equipment departs little from that of a farm tractor, and differences in design of models fit the vehicle to its intended work. As high ground clearance is not needed for industrial work, the tractor is commonly built with a lower centre of gravity and is capable of travelling a few miles per hour faster than a farm tractor. If its use is confined to hauling, it may not be equipped with hydraulic power. If it is to be used for operating a scraper, backhoe, or front-end loader, its structure may be heavier and more rugged. As high ground clearance is not needed for industrial work, the tractor is commonly built with a lower centre of gravity and is capable of travelling a few miles per hour faster than a farm tractor. If its use is confined to hauling, it may not be equipped with hydraulic power. If it is to be used for operating a scraper, backhoe, or front-end loader, its structure may be heavier and more rugged.

OPERATION Modern farm tractors usually have four or five foot- pedals for the operator on the floor of the tractor. Modern farm tractors usually have four or five foot- pedals for the operator on the floor of the tractor. The pedal on the left is the clutch. The pedal on the left is the clutch. Two of the pedals on the right are the brakes. Two of the pedals on the right are the brakes. The pedal furthest to the right is the foot throttle. Some tractors, especially those designed for row-crop work, have a 'de-accelerator' pedal. The pedal furthest to the right is the foot throttle. Some tractors, especially those designed for row-crop work, have a 'de-accelerator' pedal. A fifth pedal is traditionally included just in front of the driver's seat to operate the rear diff-lock. A fifth pedal is traditionally included just in front of the driver's seat to operate the rear diff-lock.

SAFETY No other farm machine is so identified with the hazards of production agriculture as the tractor. Tractor-related injuries account for approximately 32% of the fatalities and 6% of the non-fatal injuries in agriculture. Over 50% is attributed to tractor overturns. The roll over protection structure (ROPS) and seat belt, when worn, are the two most important safety devices to protect operators from death during tractor overturns. Modern tractors have rollover protection systems (ROPS) to prevent an operator from being crushed if the tractor overturns. In open-air tractors the ROPS is a steel beam that extends above the operator's seat.

IMPORTANT POINTS Always give importance to the “aggregate numbers” Always give importance to the “aggregate numbers”“aggregate numbers”“aggregate numbers” Always consider the “Line of impact”. Always consider the “Line of impact”. “Line of impact”. “Line of impact”. Always give more importance to spot survey to minimize the liability Always give more importance to spot survey to minimize the liability minimize the liability minimize the liability Always consider these points at the time of the final survey Always consider these points at the time of the final surveypoints Repairing v/s Replacement Repairing v/s Replacement RepairingReplacement RepairingReplacement For Driving license For Driving licenseDriving licenseDriving license Parts which should not be allowed as per IMT 21 endorsement Parts which should not be allowed as per IMT 21 endorsement Parts When the Claim is not payable When the Claim is not payablepayable For minimizing liability For minimizing liabilityminimizing liabilityminimizing liability Impact of attached trolley on claim status Impact of attached trolley on claim status

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