LecturePLUS Timberlake1 Chapter 8 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions Osmosis and Dialysis

LecturePLUS Timberlake2 Solutions Have small particles (ions or molecules) Are transparent Do not separate Cannot be filtered Do not scatter light.

LecturePLUS Timberlake3 Colloids Have medium size particles Cannot be filtered Separated with semipermeable membranes Scatter light (Tyndall effect)

LecturePLUS Timberlake4 Examples of Colloids Fog Whipped cream Milk Cheese Blood plasma Pearls

LecturePLUS Timberlake5 Suspensions Have very large particles Settle out Can be filtered Must stir to stay suspended

LecturePLUS Timberlake6 Examples of Suspensions Blood platelets Muddy water Calamine lotion

LecturePLUS Timberlake7 Osmosis In osmosis, the solvent water moves through a semipermeable membrane Water flows from the side with the lower solute concentration into the side with the higher solute concentration Eventually, the concentrations of the two solutions become equal.

LecturePLUS Timberlake8 Osmosis semipermeable membrane 4% starch10% starch H2OH2O

LecturePLUS Timberlake9 Equilibrium is reached. water flow becomes equal 7% starch H2OOH2OO

LecturePLUS Timberlake10 Osmotic Pressure Produced by the number of solute particles dissolved in a solution Equal to the pressure that would prevent the flow of additional water into the more concentrated solution Increases as the number of dissolved particles increase

LecturePLUS Timberlake11 Osmotic Pressure of the Blood Cell walls are semipermeable membranes The osmotic pressure of blood cells cannot change or damage occurs. The flow of water between a red blood cell and its surrounding environment must be equal

LecturePLUS Timberlake12 Isotonic solutions Exert the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells. Medically 5% glucose and 0.9% NaCl are used their solute concentrations provide an osmotic pressure equal to that of red blood cells H2OH2O

LecturePLUS Timberlake13 Hypotonic Solutions Lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells Lower concentration of particles than RBCs In a hypotonic solution, water flows into the RBC The RBC undergoes hemolysis; it swells and may burst. H 2 O

LecturePLUS Timberlake14 Hypertonic Solutions Has higher osmotic pressure than RBC Has a higher particle concentration In hypertonic solutions, water flows out of the RBC The RBC shrinks in size (crenation) H2OH2O

LecturePLUS Timberlake15 Dialysis Occurs when solvent and small solute particles pass through a semipermeable membrane Large particles retained inside Hemodialysis is used medically (artificial kidney) to remove waste particles such as urea from blood