Bones, Bombs, and Break Points: The Geography of Economic Activity By DONALD R. DAVIS AND DAVID E. WEINSTEIN American Economic Review, 92 (5): 1269-89.

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Presentation transcript:

Bones, Bombs, and Break Points: The Geography of Economic Activity By DONALD R. DAVIS AND DAVID E. WEINSTEIN American Economic Review, 92 (5):

The central question: How to explain the distribution of economic activity across space? Three Theories IR (increasing returns): Masahisa Fujita et al. (1999). RG (random growth): H. Simon, (1955), Xavier Gabaix (1999). LF (locational fundamentals): Jordan Rappaport and Jeffrey D. Sachs (2001).

The main idea: … a hybrid theory in which locational fundamentals play a key role in establishing the basic pattern of relative regional densities and in which increasing returns plays a strong role in determining the degree of concentration.

Рисунок 1. Численность наличного населения Санкт- Петербурга в годах, тысяч человек Источник: Санкт-Петербург : Юбилейный статистический сборник. / Под ред. И.И. Елисеевой и Е.И. Грибовой. - Вып.2. - СПб: Судостроение, с

Население Варшавы 1880—2000гг.

The locational fundamentals (LF) theory holds that there are permanent features of specific locations that make these locations an excellent site for economic activity. Access to the sea, rivers, and a large plain has been useful at all points in time. Location on a mountaintop, in the desert, or in harsh climactic conditions has always been a disadvantage. This provides a very natural account of the high degree of variation in regional densities at all points in time.

Города Российской империи с численностью населения более 50 тысяч согласно результатам переписи 1897 г., в порядке убывания (тыс.чел.): Санкт-Петербург — 1264,9 Санкт-Петербур Москва — 1038,6 Москва Варшава — 683,7 Варшава Одесса — 403,8 Одесса Лодзь — 314 Лодзь Рига — 282,2 Рига Киев — 247,7 Киев Харьков — 174 Харьков Тифлис (Тбилиси) — 159,6 Тифлис Вильна (Вильнюс) — 154,5 Вильна Ташкент — 155,7 Ташкент Саратов — 137,1 Саратов Казань — 130 Казань Ростов-на-Дону — 119,5 Ростов-на-Дону Тула — 114,7 Тула Астрахань — 112,9 Астрахань Екатеринослав (Днепропетровск) — 112,8 Екатеринослав Баку — 111,9 Баку Кишинёв — 108,5 Кишинёв Гельсингфорс (Хельсинки) — 93 Гельсингфорс Николаев — 92 Николаев Минск — 90,9 Минск Нижний Новгород — 90,1 Нижний Новгород Самара — 90 Самара Воронеж — 81 Воронеж Курск — 76 Курск Оренбург — 72,4 Оренбург Ярославль — 71,6 Ярославль Орёл — 70 Орёл Двинск (Даугавпилс) — 69,7 Двинск Витебск — 65,9 Витебск Екатеринодар (Краснодар) — 65,6 Екатеринодар Либава (Лиепая) — 64,5 Либава Елисаветград (Кировоград) — 62,5 Елисаветград Пенза — 60 Пенза Ревель (Таллин) 58,3 Ревель Царицын (Волгоград) — 55,2 Царицын Тверь — 54 Тверь Иваново-Вознесенск (Иваново) — 54,2 Иваново-Вознесенск Томск — 52,2 Томск Иркутск — 51 Иркутск Таганрог — 51 Таганрог Калуга — 50 Калуга

Conclusion Taken together, these considerations lead us to favor a hybrid theory in which locational fundamentals play a leading role in accounting for the spatial pattern of relative regional densities, but increasing returns may help to determine the degree of spatial differentiation.

Спасибо!