Adapting, but still using all the USA developed materials. US and South African trainers co-presenting.

Voluntary participation – this is difficult when you are poor and battling to make ends meet Introduced basic firefighting and equipment into vulnerable poor communities.

Most sub-Saharan ecosystems are fire adapted Fire can be a positive or a negative force in the landscape

Unwanted fires have social, economic and environmental impacts.

Used wisely fire is a useful and cost effective land management tool

Typical activities Fire awareness and education within community Preparation of firebreaks Prescribed, controlled burning of moribund vegetation to promote rejuvenation of veld Standby of firefighting crews during periods of high fire danger weather Suppression of wildfires/ unwanted fires

Benefits Reduction in unwanted ignitions Reduction in fire risks and hazards Improved veld health/ grazing/ biodiversity Increased resilience and coping skills in vulnerable communities. Increased employability of community members after training. Dignified work for young people, women

Opportunity for replication Can be replicated in most African countries Technical exchanges already taken place in Namibia, Tanzania, Kenya and others Technical manuals, guidelines, standards and best practices can be shared South African capacity exists to support implementation